Laser cladding of aluminum alloy 6061 via off-axis powder injection

Grohol, Corbin M.; Shin, Yung C.; Frank, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127099

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The coating can be made in a single stage or double stage process. In a single-stage process, the coating material in a powder form is preplaced in the substrate material or injected either in coaxial/off-axis mode or fed as a wire into the molten melt pool created on the substrate surface [8,[118][119][120]. In a two-stage laser cladding, a slurry deposited on the substrate material is melted with the help of a laser beam.…”

Section: Laser Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laser cladding has added advantages of high energy density, enhanced metallurgical bonding with the substrate, uniform coating thickness, high compactness, and high performance in comparison with physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques [123,124]. Grohl et al [8] performed laser cladding through the off-axis powder injection of Al alloy 6061 powder on a 6061-T6511 substrate material using a 4 kW high power diode laser. The authors used different power, scan speed, and feed rate in this experiment and performed several experiments to optimize the parameters.…”

Section: Laser Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aluminum (Al) alloys and their derivatives form an important sector in this development. However, the actual deployment of these materials and their components also depends on their response to the environment, in addition to their microstructural and mechanical properties [7][8][9][10]. Hence, in a majority of the alloy applications, altering the surface behavior is considered an equally important goal in materials development [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of 6xxx Series Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2022

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Due to their superior mechanical properties, formability, corrosion resistance, and lightweight nature, 6xxx series aluminum (Al) alloys are considered as a promising structural material. Nevertheless, the successful application of these materials depends on their response to the external environment. Recently, designers considered the surface properties an equally important aspect of the component design. Due to this concern, these alloys are subjected to varieties of surface modification methodologies. Many methodologies are explored to modify the 6xxx series Al alloys surfaces effectively. These methods are anodizing, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), cladding, friction stir processing, friction surfacing, melting, alloying, and resolidification using high energy beams, etc. This review work discusses some of these methods, recent research activities on them, important process variables, and their role on the final properties of the surfaces.

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Section: Laser Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of 6xxx Series Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2022

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“…Adding Si, Fe, B, C to the nickel powder reduces its melting point. Si, Fe, B, C have strong affinity for and are easy to react with other elements to form a hard phase, which enhances the matrix of a layer using them [ 10 , 11 ]. Adding ceramic to nickel to make composite cladding materials has attracted great attention [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Laser Cladding WC/Ni-Based Composite Layer on Al–Si Alloy

Zhang

2021

Materials

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The microstructural and wear properties of laser-cladding WC/Ni-based layer on Al–Si alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and wear-testing. The results show that, compared with the original specimen, the microhardness and wear resistance of the cladding layer on an Al–Si alloy were remarkably improved, wherein the microhardness of the layer achieved 1100 HV and the average friction coefficient of the layer was barely 0.14. The mainly contributor to such significant improvement was the generation of a WC/Ni-composite layer of Al–Si alloy during laser cladding. Two types of carbides, identified as M7C3 and M23C6, were found in the layer. The wear rate of the layer first increased and then decreased with the increase in load; when the load was 20 N, 60 N and 80 N, the wear rate of layer was1.89 × 10−3 mm3·m−1, 3.73 × 10−3 mm3·m−1 and 2.63 × 10−3 mm3·m−1, respectively, and the average friction coefficient (0.14) was the smallest when the load was 60 N.

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“…Many technologies can be used for repairing the damage of the components. For instance, metal-inert gas welding (MIG), thermal spray and laser cladding have been reported [3][4][5]. However, these processes are limited in the repair of aluminum alloy components of high-speed trains for some reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of the Aluminum Alloy Components Repaired by Cold Spray with Al-Based Powders

Zhang

Sun

Huang

et al. 2021

Metals

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Aluminum alloy components of high-speed trains have a great risk of being corroded by various corrosive medium due to extremely complex atmospheric environments. This will bring out huge losses and reduce the safety and stability of trains. In order to solve the problem, cold spray process was used for repairing the damage of the aluminum alloy components with Al-based powders. Microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior were studied. The results indicated that there were very few pores and cracks in the repaired areas after repairing. The average microhardness of the repaired areas was 54.5 HV ± 3.4 HV, and the tensile strength of the repaired samples was 160.4 MPa. After neutral salt spray tests for 1000 h, the rate of mass loss of the samples repaired by cold spray was lower than that of 6A01 aluminum alloy. The electrochemical test results showed that the repaired areas had a higher open circuit potential than 6A01 aluminum alloy. As a result, the repaired areas such as the anode protected its nearby substrate. The samples repaired by cold spray exhibited better corrosion than 6A01 aluminum alloy. Cold spray process and Al-based powders are applicable for repairing the aluminum alloy components of high-speed trains.

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Laser cladding of aluminum alloy 6061 via off-axis powder injection

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Surface Modification of 6xxx Series Aluminum Alloys

Surface Modification of 6xxx Series Aluminum Alloys

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Laser Cladding WC/Ni-Based Composite Layer on Al–Si Alloy

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of the Aluminum Alloy Components Repaired by Cold Spray with Al-Based Powders

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