Laser-cleaning effects induced on different types of bronze archaeological corrosion products: chemical-physical surface characterisation

Francia, Elisabetta Di; Lahoz, Ruth; Neff, Delphine; de, Tilde; Angelini, Emma Paola Maria Virginia; Grassini, Sabrina

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150884

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Hydrochloric acid reacts with copper to form fresh nantokite, which, in turn, can generate cuprite and hydrochloric acid in a cyclic process [4,8,9]. The formation of an outer layer of green and powdery copper trihydroxychlorides (2Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl, atacamite, and the polymorphs botallackite, clinoatacamite, and paratacamite) from the reaction of nantokite with water and oxygen, is the most evident consequence of the onset of bronze disease [1,9,10] (Figure 1). The conversion of nantokite to trihydroxychlorides, due to their larger volume, induces mechanical stress and the consequent cracking or fragmentation of the surface [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic and Morphologic Investigation of Bronze Disease: Performance Evaluation of Portable Devices

Porcu

Innocenti²,

Galeotti³

et al. 2022

Heritage

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Copper alloy artworks are particularly subjected to chloride attack, which may trigger bronze disease. Therefore, early identification of the phenomenon is crucial in order to stabilize the reactive copper chloride (CuCl) and remove the harmful corrosion products (atacamite and polymorphs). Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy (CRM) has proven to be effective for the detection of small amounts of atacamite, ascribable to the initial phases of corrosion. The handling of bronze artworks is often difficult or even impossible given their large size and weight, and sampling is not always allowed, making the use of portable instruments mandatory for on-site diagnostics. This paper proposes a method for the early detection of corrosion using non-invasive approaches. In this work, we present the results obtained from a set of artificially aged bronze samples with a suite of either laboratory (bench-top) or field (portable/transportable) instruments with the aim of highlighting their characteristics and performances in the diagnosis of bronze disease. Raman spectroscopy, Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were applied for chemical and morphological characterization of the samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic and Morphologic Investigation of Bronze Disease: Performance Evaluation of Portable Devices

Porcu

Innocenti²,

Galeotti³

et al. 2022

Heritage

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show abstract

“…Over time, the corrosion of such objects becomes extensive, and its removal affects their appearance, preservation, and conservation. Improper cleaning may lead to destruction [2,3], and the removal of corrosion products may cause compositional changes on the object's surface [3,4]. Therefore, the choice of suitable cleaning methods is a matter of considerable significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What You Clean Is What You Get: A Novel Chemical Cleaning Technique and the Interpretation of Corrosion Products Found in Late Roman Copper Alloy Coins Retrieved from the Sea

et al. 2022

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Thirteen Late Roman copper alloy coins with a dark concretion layer from the Early Islamic period Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck were chosen to undergo an experimental chemical cleaning and polishing procedure for removing the concretion while limiting the damage to the surviving metal. These coins, and two more without concretion discovered on the beach nearby, were then subjected to a series of non-destructive analyses–visual testing, XRF, multi-focal light microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy–to determine their state of preservation, identify their corrosion products, and acquire information regarding their core material. An additional coin was examined by destructive metallographic light microscopy and SEM-EDS analyses to gain further information concerning the concretion cover. Preservation varied: For some chemically cleaned coins, a shiny orange-coloured metallic surface was exposed, while others were poorly preserved. Moreover, evidence of the stamping process was also observed. The results show that the suggested chemical cleaning treatment could be useful for processing other copper alloy objects retrieved from underwater environments; we propose a 12-step methodology to this effect.

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Numerical and experimental investigations for stripping mechanism of polyacrylate resin-based paint with a pulsed laser

Zhao,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Appl. Phys. A

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Laser-cleaning effects induced on different types of bronze archaeological corrosion products: chemical-physical surface characterisation

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Spectroscopic and Morphologic Investigation of Bronze Disease: Performance Evaluation of Portable Devices

Spectroscopic and Morphologic Investigation of Bronze Disease: Performance Evaluation of Portable Devices

What You Clean Is What You Get: A Novel Chemical Cleaning Technique and the Interpretation of Corrosion Products Found in Late Roman Copper Alloy Coins Retrieved from the Sea

Numerical and experimental investigations for stripping mechanism of polyacrylate resin-based paint with a pulsed laser

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