Laser cooling of a solid from ambient temperature

Rayner, A.; Friese, M. E. J.; Truscott, A. G.; Heckenberg, N. R.; Rubinsztein‐Dunlop, Halina

doi:10.1080/09500340108235158

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…At optical frequencies thermal excitations of the atoms can be neglected and the atoms constitute an effective zero temperature reservoir, where energy and entropy can be dissipated efficiently. Note that using optical resonances to cool solids has already been shown successful in optical fibers [12].Cavity assisted sideband cooling is based on unequal scattering of pump photons into higher/lower energy (antiStokes/Stokes) photons; the cavity modifies the density of optical modes around the laser frequency such that a higher density at the anti-Stokes frequency leads to a higher scattering rate into the more energetic sideband. Denoting the corresponding rates with A as and A s , an effective extraction rate of vibrational quanta Γ = A as − A s can be added to the intrinsic decay rate of the mechanical oscillator γ m to yieldγ m = Γ + γ m ≫ γ m .…”

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Micromechanical oscillator ground-state cooling via resonant intracavity optical gain or absorption

2009

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We predict ground state cooling of a micro-mechanical oscillator, i.e. a vibrating end-mirror of an optical cavity, by resonant coupling of mirror vibrations to a narrow internal optical transition of an ensemble of two level systems. The particles represented by a collective mesoscopic spin model implement, together with the cavity, an efficient, frequency tailorable zero temperature loss channel which can be turned to a gain channel of pump. As opposed to the case of resolved-sideband cavity cooling requiring a small cavity linewidth, one can work here with low finesses and very small cavity volumes to enhance the light mirror and light atom coupling. The tailored loss and gain channels provide for efficient removal of vibrational quanta and suppress reheating. In a simple physical picture of sideband cooling, the atoms shape the cavity profile to enhance/inhibit scattering into higher/lower energy sidebands. The method should be applicable to other cavity based cooling schemes for atomic and molecular gases as for molecular ensembles coupled to stripline cavities.Cavity cooling of micro-mechanical oscillators has seen tremendous experimental progress [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] in the past few years, also stimulated by theoretical analysis showing that the quantum ground state of such oscillators is achievable [9,10,11]. In essence, through cavity mediated interaction the mechanical vibrations at kHz-MHz frequencies are converted to strongly damped sidebands of light modes at optical frequencies, that contain essentially no thermal excitations (thermal photons). Standard sideband cooling is effective only when the linewidth of the optical resonator κ is smaller than the mirror vibration frequency ω m and one has a sufficient optomechanical coupling. For a given mirror reflectance a small enough κ can be reached using longer cavities, but strong optomechanical coupling then requires a very large intracavity field and input power.Here we propose the alternative use of atomic, molecular or solid state electronic transitions as extremely localized narrow bandwidth oscillators, for the cooling process. These are coupled to the vibrational modes via a cavity light mode. Strong mirror-light and light-atom coupling can be achieved while still maintaining a narrow and tailorable resonance behavior. As the simplest generic example we will consider ensembles of two-level atoms with a narrow transition suitably detuned from the cavity resonance. At optical frequencies thermal excitations of the atoms can be neglected and the atoms constitute an effective zero temperature reservoir, where energy and entropy can be dissipated efficiently. Note that using optical resonances to cool solids has already been shown successful in optical fibers [12].Cavity assisted sideband cooling is based on unequal scattering of pump photons into higher/lower energy (antiStokes/Stokes) photons; the cavity modifies the density of optical modes around the laser frequency such that a higher density at the anti-Stokes frequency leads to a higher scattering...

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Micromechanical oscillator ground-state cooling via resonant intracavity optical gain or absorption

2009

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“…Laser cooling of a solid was first experimentally demonstrated in 1995 with the ytterbium-doped fluorozirconate glass ZBLANP:Yb 3+ [14]. Laser-induced cooling has since been observed in a range of glasses and crystals doped with Yb 3+ (ZBLANP [19][20][21][22], ZBLAN [23,24], CNBZn [9,25] BIG [25,26], KGd(WO 4 ) 2 [9], KY(WO 4 ) 2 [9], YAG [27], Y 2 SiO 5 [27], KPb 2 Cl 5 [25,28], BaY 2 F 8 [29][30][31], and YLF [32,33]). Fig.…”

Section: The 4-level Model For Optical Refrigerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser cooling of solids

Sheik‐Bahae¹,

Epstein

2009

Laser & Photonics Reviews

121

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We present an overview of solid-state optical refrigeration also known as laser cooling in solids by fluorescence upconversion. The idea of cooling a solid-state optical material by simply shining a laser beam onto it may sound counter intuitive but is rapidly becoming a promising technology for future cryocoolers. We chart the evolution of this science in rare-earth doped solids and semiconductors.Measured cooling efficiency as a function of the pump laser wavelength for a 1.2% Tm +3 doped BaY2F8 crystal at room temperature. The solid line is calculated using the absorption spectrum [30].

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“…Hosts with low phonon energy, for example, fluoride glasses and crystals, can diminish nonraditive decay and increase quantum efficiency. Laser-induced cooling has been observed in a wide variety of glasses and crystals doped with ytterbium (Yb 3+ ) such as ZBLANP (Epstein et al, 1995, Mungan et al, 1997, Luo et al, 1998& Thiede et al, 2005, ZBLAN (Rayner et al, 2001& Heeg et al, 2004, CNBZn and BIG (Fernandez et al, 2000), YAG and Y2SiO5 (Epstein et al, 2001), BaY2F8 (Bigotta et al, 2006), KPb2Cl5 (Mendioroz et al, 2002), KGd(WO4)2 and KY(WO4)2 (Bowman et al, 2000), YLF (Seletskiy et al, 2008). Laser-induced cooling has been also observed in thulium (Tm 3+ ) doped ZBLANP (Hoyt et al, 2000(Hoyt et al, & 2003 and BaY2F8 (Patterson et al, 2008), and in erbium (Er 3+ ) doped CNBZn and KPb2Cl5 (Fernandez et al, 2006& Garcia-Adeva et al, 2009.…”

Section: Laser Cooling In Ion-doped Glasses and Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser cooling of solids

2010

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Laser cooling of solids, sometimes also known as optical refrigeration, is a fast developing area of optical science, investigating the interaction of light with condensed matter. Apart from being of fundamental scientific interest, this topic addresses a very important practical issue: design and construction of laser pumped solid-state cryocoolers, which are compact, free from mechanical vibrations, moving parts, fluids and can cause only low electromagnetic interference in the cooled area. The optical cryocooler has a broad area of applications such as in the development of magnetometers for geophysical sensors, in biomedical sensing and can be beneficial for satellite instrumentations and small sensors, where compactness and the lack of vibrations are very important. Simply, a laser cooler works on the conversion of low energy pump photons into high-energy anti-Stokes fluorescence photons by extracting some of the phonons (heat energy) in a material. That is, the process of laser cooling of solids is based on anti-Stokes fluorescence also known as luminescence upconversion, when light quanta in the red tail of the absorption spectrum are absorbed from a pump laser, and blue-shifted photons are spontaneously emitted. The extra energy extracted from the solid-state lattice in the form of the phonons is the quanta of vibrational energy which generates heat. The idea to cool solids with anti-Stokes fluorescence was proposed in 1929 by Peter Pringsheim and first demonstrated experimentally by Epstein's research team in 1995. In 1999, Steven Bowman proposed to use the optical refrigeration by anti-Stokes fluorescence within the laser medium to balance the heat generated by the Stokes shifted stimulated emission in a high-power solid-state bulk laser. Such a laser without internal heating named radiation-balanced or athermal laser was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in 2002. At the present time laser cooling of solids can be largely divided into three main areas: laser cooling of rare-earth doped solids, laser cooling in semiconductors and radiation-balanced lasers. All three areas are very interesting and important and will be considered in this paper.

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Laser cooling of a solid from ambient temperature

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Micromechanical oscillator ground-state cooling via resonant intracavity optical gain or absorption

Micromechanical oscillator ground-state cooling via resonant intracavity optical gain or absorption

Laser cooling of solids

Laser cooling of solids

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