Laser Doppler and Phase Doppler Measurement Techniques

Abstract

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An analysis of spray development with iso-octane, n-pentane, gasoline, ethanol and n-butanol from a multi-hole injector under hot fuel conditions

“…The Phase Doppler technique is well established and details on its principles can be found in [17]. The system consisting of a Coherent Innova 70C Argon-Ion laser (5 W) coupled to a TSI beam splitter and Bragg cell.…”

Steady Vortex Breakdown in Swirling Flow Inside a Closed Container: Numerical Simulations, PIV and LDV Measurements

“…The associated statistical error in mean values is smaller than 2% for a 95% confidence level [15]. Following the conclusions of a previous study [16], the images have been processed in interrogation windows of 32 x 32 pixels with a 75% overlap.…”

“…Velocity values were evaluated by ensemble-averaging, calculated from 5000 samples. The associated statistical error in mean values is smaller than 1% for a 95% confidence level [15]. Additional details regarding the system and the measuring effort can be found in [10].…”

“…Other systematic errors such as non-turbulent Doppler broadening due to gradients of mean velocity across the measuring volume and sampling bias are, in general, the prevalent sources of uncertainty in LDV measurements. However, the latter was lessened by the use of high seeding rates compared to the fundamental velocity fluctuation rates, and the former affects essentially the variances and other higher-order statistics of the velocity time series [15].…”

A borescopic laser Doppler velocimetry probe

“…The measurement volume dimensions and concentration of seeding particles are both determined based on this information. With this information, components of the LDV system can be chosen and the system can be designed (Albrecht et al, 2003). (Albrecht et al, 2003).…”