“…This implies either that Ca2+ extrusion was incompletely blocked or that other mechanisms, such as mitochondria (44) or TG-insensitive SR Ca2+-ATPase (8,11), buffer the rise in [Ca2ecyt. In contrast, application of 10 mM caffeine to fura-2-loaded A7r5 cells failed to elicit a significant rise in [Ca2W1,t in either the Ca2+-confining medium or PSS ( A caffeine-induced decrease in [Ca2+]kt in A7r5 cells has been reported by others (37). Also, the response to caffeine (and ryanodine) may be down-regulated in cultured VSM cells (45,46 (Fig.…”