Laser Floating Zone Growth: Overview, Singular Materials, Broad Applications, and Future Perspectives

Rey-García, F.; Ibáñez, Rafael; Angurel, L.A.; Costa, F.M.; Fuente, Germán F. de la

doi:10.3390/cryst11010038

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(361 reference statements)

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“…It is also possible to use different lamps for materials with different surface tension/viscosity melts, if appropriate. Although developing the laser-emitted floating-zone technique has high potential to advance the field [46], we show here that the "classical method" still has potential both for improvement and for the extension to the crystal growth of materials with such low surface tension/viscosity melts that it has been impossible, so far, to obtain the crystals by floating zone growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Single-Crystal Growth of Sr2RuO4 by the Floating-Zone Method Using an Infrared Image Furnace with Improved Halogen Lamps

et al. 2021

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We report the single-crystal growth of the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, on which research has reached a turning point recently. In order to optimize the quality of crystals grown by the floating-zone method using an infrared image furnace, we focus on an improvement of the structure of the filament in the halogen lamps. By reducing the thickness of the total filament, the form of the molten zone was narrowed. More importantly, the molten zone was observed to be more stable during the growth process. Finally, we obtained the crystals with a length of 12 cm. Additionally, the grown crystal has high quality, displaying the 1.5 K transition temperature expected only for the purest crystals. We also discuss the availability of the newly developed halogen lamps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Single-Crystal Growth of Sr2RuO4 by the Floating-Zone Method Using an Infrared Image Furnace with Improved Halogen Lamps

et al. 2021

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“…As an example, the TSFZ was successfully employed for the single crystal growth of the LK-99 samples [35], which provided the excellent LK-99 crystals for its study. As for the refractory compounds with high melting points such as the Th salts, the relevant crystal growth can be done, for instance, through utilizing either the laser floating zone (LFZ) [36] or the laser-diode-heated floating zone (LDFZ) [37,38] methods. The laser sources in the LFZ or the LDFZ can provide thousands of kilowa power to furnace in a way to push the temperature of furnace to surpass 2000 o C with ease and therefore, to establish the environment for the crystal growths of these Th salts.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Superconducting Mechanism Derived from Room Temperature Superconductivity in Thorium Salts

Zhao,

Zhao

2024

Preprint

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An innovative superconducting mechanism was developed based on a patented discovery of room temperature superconductivity in several thorium (Th) salts or compounds. The rationale behind this discovery is through the experimental results about the unique electronical and magnetic properties of these Th salts. Accordingly, this new superconducting mechanism for these Th salts was obtained through the analyses of the compounds’ molecular configurations and the packings of their relevant crystal structures. Owing to the distinctive properties of the Th compounds in this discovery, we further established a different electron pairing scheme as opposed to the pairing of the Cooper pairs. Compared to the long distance electron pairing of the Cooper pairs, the new electron pairing in our mechanism is constructed by two closely correlated electrons that reside on the same atomic orbital of the Th cation as an electron lone pair. In this new superconducting mechanism, the Th cation is sitting on a relevant crystallographic lattice arrangement or a network of the relevant Th compounds. This network is constructed by many Th cations along certain crystallographic lattice arrangement where each Th cation contains one electron lone pair. This network allows the electron lone pairs on the Th cations to be delocalized over the network, “in pair”, and thus, reveals the electron lone pair in presence in a long distance fashion. The closely correlated electron lone pairs hop on this network and thus construct the supercurrent over the network. This explanation about the superconductivity laid the basis for our superconducting mechanism. All these conclusions came from the previous studies about these compounds that illustrated their unusual features of a coexistence of high electrical conductivity and diamagnetism. These electrical and magnetic properties fall in line with that of superconductors but, surprisingly, these Th compounds have such properties at the ambient condition, meaning under room temperature and atmosphere pressure. We expect that this mechanism may be appropriate to be utilized to other superconducting cases and therefore, can be adapted to describe the superconducting phenomenon for other superconductors.

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“…As an example, the TSFZ was successfully employed for the single crystal growth of the LK-99 samples [35], which provided the excellent LK-99 crystals for its study. As for the refractory compounds with high melting points such as the Th salts, the relevant crystal growth can be done, for instance, through utilizing either the laser floating zone (LFZ) [36] or the laser-diode-heated floating zone (LDFZ) [37,38] methods. The laser sources in the LFZ or the LDFZ can provide thousands of kilowatt power to furnace in a way to push the temperature of furnace to surpass 2000 o C with ease and therefore, to establish the environment for the crystal growths of these Th salts.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Superconductivity in Thorium Salts Reveals a Novel Superconducting Mechanism

Zhao,

Zhao

2024

Preprint

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An innovative superconducting mechanism was developed based on a patented discovery of room temperature superconductivity in several thorium (Th) salts or compounds. The rationale behind this discovery is through the experimental results about the unique electrical and magnetic properties of these Th salts. Accordingly, this new superconducting mechanism for these Th salts was obtained through the analyses of the compounds’ molecular configurations and the packings of their relevant crystal structures. Owing to the distinctive properties of the Th compounds in this discovery, we further established a different electron pairing scheme as opposed to the pairing of the Cooper pairs. Compared to the long distance electron pairing of the Cooper pairs, the new electron pairing in our mechanism is constructed by two closely correlated electrons that reside on the same atomic orbital of the Th cation as an electron lone pair. In this new superconducting mechanism, the Th cation is sitting on a relevant crystallographic lattice arrangement or a network of the relevant Th compounds. This network is constructed by many Th cations along certain crystallographic lattice arrangement where each Th cation contains one electron lone pair. This network allows the electron lone pairs on the Th cations to be delocalized over the network, “in pair”, and thus, reveals the electron lone pair in presence in a long distance fashion. The closely correlated electron lone pairs hop on this network and thus, construct the supercurrent over the network. This explanation about the superconductivity laid the basis for our superconducting mechanism. All these conclusions came from the previous studies about these compounds that illustrated their unusual features of a coexistence of high electrical conductivity and diamagnetism. These electrical and magnetic properties fall in line with that of superconductors but, surprisingly, these Th compounds have such properties at the ambient condition, meaning under room temperature and atmosphere pressure. We expect that this mechanism may be appropriate to be utilized to other superconducting cases and therefore, can be adapted to describe the superconducting phenomenon for other superconductors.

show abstract

Laser Floating Zone Growth: Overview, Singular Materials, Broad Applications, and Future Perspectives

Cited by 19 publications

References 186 publications

Single-Crystal Growth of Sr2RuO4 by the Floating-Zone Method Using an Infrared Image Furnace with Improved Halogen Lamps

Single-Crystal Growth of Sr2RuO4 by the Floating-Zone Method Using an Infrared Image Furnace with Improved Halogen Lamps

A Novel Superconducting Mechanism Derived from Room Temperature Superconductivity in Thorium Salts

Room Temperature Superconductivity in Thorium Salts Reveals a Novel Superconducting Mechanism

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