Laser Fundamentals

Coluzzi, Donald J.; Convissar, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-06206-0.00002-3

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, no safety instructions appear to have been given to those operating the equipment. LLLT is unlikely to cause side effects in the oral environment, but should always be handled with care [ 31 ]. Although eleven out of thirteen studies reported significant modulation of acute orthodontic pain associated with application of LLLT, it was difficult to draw any conclusions because of the variation in study design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in accelerating tooth movement, preventing relapse and managing acute pain during orthodontic treatment in humans: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundRecently low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been proposed to improve orthodontic treatment. The aims of this systematic review were to investigate the scientific evidence to support applications of LLLT: (a) to accelerate tooth movement, (b) to prevent orthodontic relapse and (c) to modulate acute pain, during treatment with fixed appliances in children and young adults.MethodsTo ensure a systematic literature approach, this systematic review was conducted to Goodman’s four step model. Three databases were searched (Medline, Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register and Scitation), using predetermined search terms. The quality of evidence was rated according to the GRADE system.ResultsThe search identified 244 articles, 16 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria: three on acceleration of tooth movement by LLLT and 13 on LLLT modulation of acute pain. No study on LLLT for prevention of relapse was identified. The selected studies reported promising results for LLLT; elevated acceleration of tooth movement and lower pain scores, than controls. With respect to method, there were wide variations in type of laser techniques.ConclusionsThe quality of evidence supporting LLLT to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement is very low and low with respect to modulate acute pain. No studies met the inclusion criteria for evaluating LLLT to limit relapse. The results highlight the need for high quality research, with consistency in study design, to determine whether LLLT can enhance fixed appliance treatment in children and young adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in accelerating tooth movement, preventing relapse and managing acute pain during orthodontic treatment in humans: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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“…Depending on the energy level applied, laser therapy has multiple effects on tissues . It has been speculated that a certain amount of energy might simultaneously penetrate into or scatter inside the surrounding tissues during high‐level laser treatment (HLLT) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation on the proliferation of primary human gingival fibroblasts

Kong

Aoki

Iwasaki

et al. 2017

Journal of Biophotonics

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We investigated the biological effects of Er:YAG laser (2940-nm; DELight, HOYA ConBio, Fremont, California) irradiation at fluences of 3.6, 4.2, 4.9, 6.3, 8.1 or 9.7 J cm at 20 or 30 Hz for 20 or 30 seconds on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Irradiation at 6.3 J cm promoted maximal cell proliferation, determined by WST-8 assay and crystal violet staining, but was accompanied by lactate dehydrogenase release, on day 3 post-irradiation. Elevation of ATP level, Ki67 staining, and cyclin-A2 mRNA expression confirmed that Er:YAG affected the cell cycle and increased the number of proliferating cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed alterations of mitochondria and ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at 3 hours post-irradiation at 6.3 J cm , and the changes subsided after 24 hours, suggesting transient cellular injury. Microarray analysis revealed up-regulation of 21 genes involved in heat-related biological responses and ER-associated degradation. The mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 family was increased, as validated by Real-time PCR. Surface temperature measurement confirmed that 6.3 J cm generated heat (40.9°C post-irradiation). Treatment with 40°C-warmed medium increased proliferation. Laser-induced proliferation was suppressed by inhibition of thermosensory transient receptor potential channels. Thus, despite causing transient cellular damage, Er:YAG laser irradiation at 6.3 J cm strongly potentiated HGF proliferation via photo-thermal stress, suggesting potential wound-healing benefit.

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“…Production of laser beam [5,6] Stimulated emission is a phenomenon that occurs within the active medium. The step-wise production of laser beam is shown in Table 1, Figure 1,2.…”

Section: Diode Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasers in Dentistry: Basic Concepts and Types – A Review

MDS¹

2019

jmscr

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Laser Fundamentals

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in accelerating tooth movement, preventing relapse and managing acute pain during orthodontic treatment in humans: a systematic review

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in accelerating tooth movement, preventing relapse and managing acute pain during orthodontic treatment in humans: a systematic review

Biological effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation on the proliferation of primary human gingival fibroblasts

Lasers in Dentistry: Basic Concepts and Types – A Review

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