Laser ignition of CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) cocrystals

McBain, Andrew; Vuppuluri, Vasant; Gunduz, I. Emre; Groven, Lori J.; Son, Steven F.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.09.017

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CL-20, which is composed of a cage surrounded by six NO 2 groups, is a new explosive with high density, detonation velocity, and pressure, making it a potential candidate for replacing PETN and RDX [16][17][18]. Given its low laser absorption, CL-20 is difficult to ignite and initiate with a short pulse laser, particularly a NIR laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of CL‐20 Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles by Using a Laser Pulse through an Optical Fiber

Ji¹,

Qin²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The direct laser initiation of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) doped with aluminum nanoparticles was conducted using a short laser pulse of Nd:YAG (1064 nm wavelength, 14 ns duration) through a 1 mm diameter optical fiber. The effects of aluminum nanoparticles on thermal stability, light absorption, and laser initiation energy were investigated. Results revealed that the aluminum nanoparticles significantly enhanced the absorption of light and decreased the laser initiation energy. The laser initiation energy, which was higher than 1000 mJ for an undoped CL‐20, could be reduced to 80, 40, 30, 30, and 20 mJ by adding 0.2 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, and 5.0 % aluminum nanoparticles, respectively. When a short pulse laser was radiated on the surface of the explosives, the aluminum nanoparticles absorbed the laser energy, heated, and reached high temperatures, resulting in hotspot formation and detonation. The direct laser initiation of doped CL‐20 with a short laser pulse and a low energy through an optical fiber would contribute to the manufacture of small, safe, and reliable laser detonators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of CL‐20 Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles by Using a Laser Pulse through an Optical Fiber

Ji¹,

Qin²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…For an ideal ignition transient, the stages that lead to complete ignition can be described as inert heating, onset of gasification (thermal decomposition), primary flame occurrence, secondary flame formation, “snap‐back,” and establishment of steady‐state combustion . In other words, the temperature should rise rapidly at the inert heating stage and achieve a critical value where onset of gasification occurs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CL‐20 hosted in 3D carbon matrixes show enhancement in thermal decomposition and lowering of sensitivity 20b. Recently, trinitrotoluene/CL‐20 and cyclotetramethylene‐tetranitramine/CL‐20 cocrystals were used in laser ignition and found that the cocrystallized materials have a shorter onset to gasification than the constituents . Here, we report the discovery of deflagration of GO/CL‐20 composite film ignited by an infrared laser pulse in ten‐millisecond order.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Laser‐Ignited Relay‐Domino‐Like Reactions in Graphene Oxide/CL‐20 Films for High‐Temperature Pulse Preparation of Bi‐Layered Photothermal Membranes

Huang

et al. 2019

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900338. Light-ignited combustions have been proposed for a variety of industrial and scientific applications. They suffer, however, from ultrahigh light ignition thresholds and poor self-propagating combustion of typical high-energy density materials, e.g., 2,4,6,8,10,12-(hexanitrohexaaza)cyclododecane (CL-20). Here, reported is that both light ignition and combustion performance of CL-20 are greatly enhanced by embedding ε-CL-20 particles in a graphene oxide (GO) matrix. The GO matrix yields a drastic temperature rise that is sufficient to trigger the combustion of GO/CL-20 under low laser irradiation (35.6 mJ) with only 6 wt% of GO. The domino-like reduction-combustion of the GO matrix can serve as a relay and deliver the decomposition-combustion of CL-20 to its neighbor sites, forming a relaydomino-like reaction. In particular, a synergistic reaction between GO and CL-20 occurrs, facilitating more energy release of the GO/CL-20 composite. The novel relay-domino-like reaction coupled with the synergistic reaction of CL-20 and GO results in a deflagration of the material, which generates a high-temperature pulse (HTP) that can be guided to produce advanced functional materials. As a proof of concept, a bi-layered photothermal membrane is prepared by HTP treatment in an extremely simple and fast way, which can serve as a model architecture for efficient interfacial water evaporation. Light-Ignited Combustion www.advancedsciencenews.com

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“…[1][2][3] Recently, co-crystallization, the method of mixing different single compounds into cocrystals at the molecular level, has attracted more and more attention in the eld of energetic materials. [4][5][6][7] For energetic materials, high energy is always accompanied by poor sensitivity. [8][9][10][11] Cocrystallization has become one of the effective methods to develop energetic materials with high energy and insensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%