Laser-induced blood serum fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis

Abstract

laser induced auto-fluorescence and Raman spectra of serum from cancerous and normal people are measured and analyzed .The content of -carotene ( f3 -BC)m the serum from normal man is higher than that from the cancerous one ,this result agrees with other reports. INTREDUCTIONLaser induced fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are two kinds of optical tools to be used to probe the molecular structure and contents .It is well known that big biological molecules chromophores such as protein , flavins, riboflavins and porphyrins can display well-defined visible fluorescence spectroscopy with Raman spectroscopies are very sensitive to the microenvironment ofpH ,redox potential ,bonding sites ,polarity ,ion concentration et [1], one can revdal the differcence in the physical snd chemical properties between the health and abnormal blood serum.Resonance Raman scattering can enhance strongly certain vibrational modes of chromophores because it involves transitions with the electonic absorption band of the chromophores when the induced laser wavelength approach the electronic absorption band.In the late 1950's andearly 1960's ,fluoresvence spectrum technology was widely used in the majority of the molecular system of tissues . In the early 1980's ,laser induced fluorescence spectrum form normal and malignant tissues was measured and analyzed by R.R.Alfanl et al [2][3],and the difference ofthe spectroscopies form the two kinds oftissues was also used to diagnose the cancerous tissues ,which normal tissue exhibited Raman spectra on fluorescence spectrum. Because the difference between malignant cancer tissues and normal tissues ,when the metabolic end product of cancer cells go into blood by circulation ,the components and contents of the bioloical molecules and their local environment will be changed.In this paper ,the blood serum fluorescense spectroscopy from normal men and malignant patients is studied and analyzed .The results obtained by the laser induced native fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy reveal instrinsic difference between normal serum and cancerous serum .This new method may be a promising technology for diagnosing cancer from serum spectra. METHODS AND MATERIALSThe experimenal arrangement used to measure the fluorescence and Raman spectra from normal serum samples and malignant serum samples is shown in Fig. I . Anargon ion laser beam at 5 14.5nm was focused into the serum sample .The fluorescence signal from the serum was collected and focused into the entrance slit of a double 0.5-rn grating scanning spectrometer(HRD-1)blazed at SOOnm .A photo multiplier tube (PM;R456 Japen)located at the exit slit of the spectrometer measured the intensity at different wavelengths in scanning .The output signal of PMT was sent to a lock-in amplifier(U.S Model 391)and an XY recorder combination to display the stable spectrum when measuring .The spectra were not calibrated for spectral response of the system .The laser power was about 100mW and laser was chopped at 700Hz .The spectral resolution was about 2nm. ...

Potential for Raman spectroscopy to provide cancer screening using a peripheral blood sample

“…The authors achieved a 90% sensitivity utilizing LDA of the PCA scores and concluded that differences in Raman spectra were related to beta-carotene levels (peaks around 1155 and 1523); with generally lower values in the cancer cohort. Similar findings were reported by Li et al .2001 using a Raman system with incident wavelengths of 488 nm and 514.5 nm [ 17 ]. A large training set of 1022 samples containing various malignancies, healthy controls and other diseases was used, followed by 432 test samples.…”

Classification of oral cancers using Raman spectroscopy of serum

“…Several reports already indicate the utility of spectroscopic signatures of blood for several diseases, including cancers [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] . Raman spectroscopy for detection of cancers like breast, cervix, nasopharynx, colorectal, gastric and head and neck has already been explored [22][23][24][25][26] . A previous study for detection of oral cancers has indicated a classification efficiency of ~ 70% for oral cancers and normal subjects using a commercial Raman microscope fitted with a green laser (532 nm) 27 .…”

Serum Based Diagnosis of Asthma Using Raman Spectroscopy: An Early Phase Pilot Study

“…Several IR spectroscopy studies on blood have shown its potential in detecting various diseases including Alzheimer’s, scrapie, sickle cell anaemia and several cancers [ 20 - 25 ]. Raman spectroscopy (RS), a vibrational spectroscopic method based on inelastic scattering of light, has been widely used for qualitative characterization of biological tissues [ 26 - 28 ], for diagnosis of periodontitis and lung cancer from saliva [ 29 , 30 ], breast cancers [ 31 ], atherosclerosis [ 32 ] and also for several cancers using serum [ 33 - 36 ]. For quantitative analysis, RS has been employed for determining glucose and other analytes in blood [ 37 , 38 ].…”