Laser induced deposits in contaminated vacuum environment: Optical properties and lateral growth

Wagner, Frank; Reaidy, Georges Gebrayel El; Faye, Delphine; Natoli, Jean-Yves

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105889

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] This effect is critical for the industrial applications, and it has mainly been studied in the context of space applications: several past spaceflight missions using ns UV lasers proved to be short-lived and unreliable due to this effect, which has initiated an active field of research between space and laser communities. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] LIC effects in the fs/ps regime have not been reported in the opened literature up to now but our investigations on laser components have led us to the 3 conclusion that these effects are also particularly detrimental in this regime and can be a main limitation of short wavelength high average power fs/ps lasers (Figure 1). Therefore, in this work we would like to investigate these effects with a first report on the topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…A quantitative phase microscopy technique has been applied for that purpose in previous works from our group (the measurement methodology and tools were described in detail in this paper). 30 With this system it is possible to obtain intensity and phase data on the observed object. However, in our case the phase data were not exploitable because of the lack of knowledge on the sample design (refractive index and thickness of each layer of the stack), we will therefore only deal with intensity measurements.…”

Section: Optical Properties Of Lic Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface temperature increase in such conditions could play an important role in the laser-induced deposition process, the adsorption and sticking coefficient of volatized compounds on surfaces being temperature dependent processes 26 and thermal effects have already been suggested as a possible contribution of LIC. 30 . Figure 13 shows the lateral expansion of the LIC deposit into regions "far" away from the beam center.…”

Section: Thermal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of laser-induced contamination at 515 nm in the sub-ps/MHz regime

Reaidy

Gallais

2020

Opt. Eng.

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We study Laser-Induced Contamination (LIC) as a potential cause of optical losses and Laser-Induced Damage (LID) of optical components for ultrashort pulse lasers with high average power in the MHz regime. Our work is conducted on dichroic mirrors designed for maximum reflection at 515nm operated in ambient air. Based on the development of an experimental set-up for real time monitoring of LIC and accelerated test protocols, we have conducted a parametric study on LIC development and studied its growth dynamics and morphology. We show that LIC is a main limitation of short wavelength high average power fs/ps lasers, with the formation of nanometric highly absorbing layers of carbonate compounds on the laser footprint, with evidence of thermal effects. It is also found that the last layer of the stack, at the interface between air and coating stack, is critical in the LIC growth which can open some perspectives for limitation of this effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Optical Properties Of Lic Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of laser-induced contamination at 515 nm in the sub-ps/MHz regime

Reaidy

Gallais

2020

Opt. Eng.

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“…It is not very surprising that the fluoresence yields inside and outside the crater are significantly different because we showed in previous works that the respective materials are significantly different both in terms of nanostructures 17 and optical properties 18 . The material inside the crater is more compact, more absorbing, and nonfluorescent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Laser-induced contamination deposit growth mechanisms on space optics

et al. 2022

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. Lasers in space often suffer from light absorbing deposits forming inside the resonator. This effect is commonly called laser-induced contamination (LIC), and its mechanism can be compared with laser chemical vapor deposition. LIC experiments were carried out in a dedicated vacuum chamber using a q-switched 355-nm laser, hafnia- or silica-coated fused silica samples and contamination by epoxy adhesive outgassing, or toluene vapor in vacuum. The typical deposit formation was observed at different experimental conditions and analyzed by in situ laser-induced fluorescence imaging and ex situ white light interference microscopy. We determined the average growth rate during the first growth stage (bump-shaped growth) and analyzed it as a function of the laser fluence, sample nature, and used contamination. The data show that the band gap of the sample is important for the LIC process in the first growth stage. The light absorbed in the sample leads to a temperature rise that drives the deposit growth. This knowledge opens a new pathway to minimize LIC that is complementary to studies that aim to reduce the adsorption of contaminant molecules by making chemical surface treatments.

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“…This has recently been attributed to a thermally induced deposit growth driven via heat conduction from an absorbing (compacted) central part of the deposit. [16] 2. The deposits generated by the 266 nm laser have a much greater deposit height (~30 nm to 40nm) compared to the deposits generated at 355 nm (~10 nm).…”

Section: Laser-induced Contamination Testing Of the Optimized Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced damage and contamination testing for the next generation of LIDAR space optics

Bartels

Allenspacher

Alig

et al. 2021

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020

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We have recently reported a method to improve the laser-induced damage threshold of UV laser optics by mitigating damage precursors (nano-sized absorbers) during the manufacturing of ion-beam sputtered, anti-reflective optical coatings. To further optimize parameters of the coating and particle mitigation schemes, we had to assess the damage resistance of laser optics with a low density of damage precursors. This was achieved using large area raster scans in which a highintensity laser beam was scanned over the optical surface. Via image processing of microscopic data, we then derived the density and size distribution of laser-induced damages for each raster scan. This advanced test method is described in this work and prepared the path to the manufacturing of improved laser optics that can be used to increase the performance and reliability of lasers in future space missions. Furthermore, we report on the comparison of standard and improved laser optics in tests of laser-induced contamination at 355 and 266 nm.

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Laser induced deposits in contaminated vacuum environment: Optical properties and lateral growth

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of laser-induced contamination at 515 nm in the sub-ps/MHz regime

Analysis of laser-induced contamination at 515 nm in the sub-ps/MHz regime

Laser-induced contamination deposit growth mechanisms on space optics

Laser-induced damage and contamination testing for the next generation of LIDAR space optics

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