Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of herbaceous and woody pre- and post-digested plant material

Anderson, D.M.; Fredrickson, Ed L.; Nachman, Paul; Estell, Richard E.; Havstad, Kris M.; Murray, Leigh W.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(97)00088-6

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Nevertheless, these techniques have been applied to grazing cattle to measure microbial protein synthesis in grazing cattle (Dixon et al, 2011). Limited information suggests that laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of faeces is likely to be a valuable technique to identify the plant species and plant species groups in the diet of grazing ruminants from measurements of faeces (Anderson et al, 1998;Obeidat et al, 2007). Plant DNA in faeces has been examined to identify the plant species present in the diet of herbivores (Ho et al, 2010).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Pasture Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

Boval

Dixon

2012

Animal

186

106

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The global importance of grasslands is indicated by their extent; they comprise some 26% of total land area and 80% of agriculturally productive land. The majority of grasslands are located in tropical developing countries where they are particularly important to the livelihoods of some one billion poor peoples. Grasslands clearly provide the feed base for grazing livestock and thus numerous high-quality foods, but such livestock also provide products such as fertilizer, transport, traction, fibre and leather. In addition, grasslands provide important services and roles including as water catchments, biodiversity reserves, for cultural and recreational needs, and potentially a carbon sink to alleviate greenhouse gas emissions. Inevitably, such functions may conflict with management for production of livestock products. Much of the increasing global demand for meat and milk, particularly from developing countries, will have to be supplied from grassland ecosystems, and this will provide difficult challenges. Increased production of meat and milk generally requires increased intake of metabolizable energy, and thus increased voluntary intake and/or digestibility of diets selected by grazing animals. These will require more widespread and effective application of improved management. Strategies to improve productivity include fertilizer application, grazing management, greater use of crop by-products, legumes and supplements and manipulation of stocking rate and herbage allowance. However, it is often difficult to predict the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of such strategies, particularly in tropical developing country production systems. Evaluation and on-going adjustment of grazing systems require appropriate and reliable assessment criteria, but these are often lacking. A number of emerging technologies may contribute to timely low-cost acquisition of quantitative information to better understand the soil–pasture–animal interactions and animal management in grassland systems. Development of remote imaging of vegetation, global positioning technology, improved diet markers, near IR spectroscopy and modelling provide improved tools for knowledge-based decisions on the productivity constraints of grazing animals. Individual electronic identification of animals offers opportunities for precision management on an individual animal basis for improved productivity. Improved outcomes in the form of livestock products, services and/or other outcomes from grasslands should be possible, but clearly a diversity of solutions are needed for the vast range of environments and social circumstances of global grasslands.

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Section: Evaluation Of Pasture Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

Boval

Dixon

2012

Animal

186

106

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“…Therefore, the decision was made to replace the quartic term with a new variable, the red-to-blue count intensity ratio. This decision was based on the previous work by Anderson et al (1996Anderson et al ( , 1998, who found the red-to-blue count ratio to be useful in distinguishing among materials when using maximum fluorescence intensity values. The maximum intensity of both blue-green and red regions was found for each of the lamb's 13 data sets and the ratio of these 2 maximum peak intensities was calculated using the MEANS procedure in SAS (SAS Institute 1990a).…”

Section: Three-dimensional Plotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major limitation to this technique as a management tool is the amount of time required for sample preparation and analysis thus preventing its usefulness in making real-time management decisions. Two recent automated techniques for determining botanical composition of animal diets having shorter analytical time requirements are near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS); (Garcia-Criado et al 1991, Walker et al 1998) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF); (Anderson et al 1996(Anderson et al , 1998. Although NIRS (Foley et al 1998) and fluorometry (Lakowitz 1983, Guilbault 1990, of which LIF is one type, both rely on molecular properties, they differ in several important ways (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analyses of fluorometry data from chloroform filtrate of lamb feces

Mukherjee¹,

Anderson²,

Daniel³

2001

REM

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Accurately identifying the botanical composition of free-ranging animal diets remains a challenge. Currently accepted procedures are time consuming, many requiring painstaking sample preparation while none produce data useful for real-time management. Automated procedures focusing on detection of chemical and/or physical plant properties using specific molecules called fluorophores offers possibilities for determining the species composition of herbivore diets. This study was designed to evaluate fluorometry techniques in herbivore diet determinations using fecal samples obtained from 13 lambs fed a basal diet of tobosa hay (Pleuraphis mutica Buckley), and containing 4 different levels (0, 10, 20, and 30%) of tarbush (Flourensia cernua D C.) leaf material. Chloroform (CHCl 3 ) filtrate obtained from the lamb's feces was exposed to UV light from a xenon arc lamp. This caused fluorophore molecules in the filtrate to have their outer shell electrons move to a higher energy state as a result of UV light excitation. After excitation by UV light at 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, and 355 nm, the fluorophores returned to their ground state giving off light (fluorescence). This fluorescence intensity (counts) varied and when captured using appropriate electronics, produced 1,024 pairs of light intensities (counts) and fluorescent wavelengths between 175 and 818 nm in 0.63 nm increments. Previous research indicated differences among diets could be determined using distinct peaks in the red and blue regions of the visible light spectrum and a univariate (1 variable at a time) analysis. This research demonstrates the entire fluorescence data set can be used to determine differences among diets using multivariate statistics. Sequences of 5 increasingly complex statistical techniques were used to distinguish among diets: 2-dimensional plots, polynomial regression models, confidence interval plots, discriminant analysis, and 3-dimensional plots. Two-dimensional plots indicated 2 spectral fluorescence peaks, 1 in the blue-green (420-600 nm) and 1 in the red (640-720 nm) region of the visible Trade names used in this publication are solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee, endorsement, or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Mexico State University or Sandia National Laboratories over other products not mentioned.The authors express sincere appreciation to Dr. Perry Gray, research scientist with the Pulsed Power and Laser Initatives Department Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, N.M. for generating the spectral signatures from the sheep feces.Manuscript accepted 7 Oct. 2000. ResumenEl identificar en forma certera la composición botánica de la dieta de animales en libre pastoreo sigue siendo un reto. Los procedimientos actualmente aceptados consumen mucho tiempo y muchos requieren una laboriosa preparación de la muestra, mientras que ninguno produce datos útiles en términos de manejo real de tiempo. Los procedimientos au...

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“…Knowing if the standing crop contains toxic plants [2][3][4] or species pivotal to maintaining a desired landscape use [5] are key to managing the plant-animal interface. Using plant spectral signatures to distinguish plant life forms [6] and even genotypes [7] may provide a valuable tool for botanical analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous fluorometry research has demonstrated the usefulness of spectroscopic methods for differentiating among pre- [8][9][10] and post-digested [6,11] species of rangeland vegetation. Though Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) [12,13] has been the automated optical method of choice in range animal ecology research, fluorometry [14] appears promising because of its practical differences ( Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Among Plant Spectra by Combining pH Dependent Photoluminescence Spectroscopy with Multi-Way Principal Component Analysis (MPCA)

Anderson

Danielson²,

Obeidat³

et al. 2011

TOASJ

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Photoluminescence spectroscopic probes offer the potential for differentiation among plant species in real-time. Since pH has been shown to be pivotal in affecting extraction efficiency of other plant compounds pH seemed appropriate as an additional dimension within our multi-way principal component analysis (MPCA) to differentiate among six different plant species. In particular, MPCA allowed differentiation between Sporobolus and Pleuraphis that was not possible using only principal component analysis (PCA). This research suggests MPCA may be a more appropriate tool than PCA when attempting to discriminate among plant species.

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Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of herbaceous and woody pre- and post-digested plant material

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

The importance of grasslands for animal production and other functions: a review on management and methodological progress in the tropics

Statistical analyses of fluorometry data from chloroform filtrate of lamb feces

Differentiating Among Plant Spectra by Combining pH Dependent Photoluminescence Spectroscopy with Multi-Way Principal Component Analysis (MPCA)

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