Laser-Induced fluorescence measurements and modeling of nitric oxide in premixed flames of CO+H2+CH4 and air at high pressures

Charlston-Goch, Denise; Chadwick, Bruce L.; Morrison, Richard J. S.; Campisi, Anthony; Thomsen, D. Douglas; Laurendeau, Normand M.

doi:10.1016/s0010-2180(00)00231-5

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Thermal field uniformity and low temperature rise remains the main issue to tackle thermal NO x formation through the Zeldovich NO x formation mechanism. In-situ NO detection have been performed using planar laser induced fluorescence (NO-PLIF) [31][32][33][34]. For these experiments, the light emission from NO was captured in the range of 230-280 nm.…”

Section: No * Chemiluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Khalil

Gupta

2015

Applied Energy

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h i g h l i g h t sExamined the role of entrainment on distributed combustion under different conditions. N 2 and CO 2 are used to simulate entrained combustion gases from within the combustor. Local equivalence ratio distribution obtained through OH ⁄ and CH ⁄ chemiluminescence. NO chemiluminescence significantly reduced under distributed combustion conditions. Reaction distribution demonstrated at 15% O 2 and lower, with almost invisible flame. a b s t r a c tHigh intensity colorless distributed combustion (CDC) provides high efficiency combustion with stable operation and ultra-low emissions. The role of internal entrainment of hot reactive gases requires further investigation in order to obtain minimum requirements for distributed combustion. In this paper, the impact of internal entrainment of reactive gases on the flame behavior and structure is investigated with focus on fostering distributed combustion. A mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide was introduced to the air stream prior to mixing with the fuel to simulate the recirculated product gases from within the combustor. Increase dilution with nitrogen or carbon dioxide increased the reaction zone volume to result in uniform distribution of CH ⁄ and OH ⁄ chemiluminescence signal and uniform equivalence ratio (measured optically). These conditions replaced the normally present blue flame with a uniform almost invisible faint bluish flame. The increased entrainment also decreased NO chemiluminescence significantly for the same amounts of fuel burned. The chemiluminescence data suggested that lowering oxygen concentration from 21% to 15% resulted in improved distributed combustion conditions with the reaction volume occupying most of the combustor. These conditions provide the minimum entrainment requirement and reduction of oxygen concentration for achieving distributed combustion. Results obtained at different equivalence ratios and entrained gas temperatures showed similar behavior at oxygen concentration of 15%. The reaction distribution was further enhanced at lower oxygen concentration ($11%) with further reduction in pollutants emissions.

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Section: No * Chemiluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Khalil

Gupta

2015

Applied Energy

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“…Although these authors did not exclude the possibility of formation of other C 3 H 2 isomers in their flames, they modeled the C 3 H 2 species as triplet propargylene in their kinetic scheme [79,81]. Kiefer et al [84] considered reactions (11) and (13) as the source of C 3 H 2 in their shock-tube experiments. These authors showed that even assuming that cyclopropenylidene is the most stable isomer energetically, the triplet propargylene is by far the dominant isomer at equilibrium in the temperature range 1500-2500 K (see their Fig.…”

Section: Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guadagnini et al [87] argued that reaction (11) with an exit barrier for the c-C 3 H 2 channel should favor formation of linear C 3 H 2 . Detailed microcanonical RRKM master equation calculations performed by Vereecken and Peeters [90] on product distribution of reaction (11) showed that the yield of the triplet HCCCH isomer changed from 90% at 300 K to 82% at 2000 K for pressures from 0 to 5 atm. In contrast, Deyerl et al [93] proposed based on their experimental data and RRKM analysis that photodissociation of the propargyl radical results predominantly in the formation of cyclopropenylidene.…”

Section: Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problems associated with the current kinetic models, those precipitated the present study, are exposed throughout the article. Difficulties encountered in using these kinetics models can be demonstrated, for instance, by a recent numerical analysis of acetylene ignition [10] as well as computer simulations of fuel-rich combustion of natural gas [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and modeling study of shock‐tube oxidation of acetylene

Eiteneer

Frenklach

2003

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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Nine mixtures of acetylene and oxygen diluted in argon were studied behind reflected shock waves at temperatures of 1150-2132 K and pressures of 0.9-1.9 atm. Initial compositions were varied from very fuel-lean to moderately fuel-rich, covering equivalence ratios of 0.0625-1.66. Two more mixtures with added ethylene were used to boost the sensitivity to reactions of vinyl oxidation. The progress of reaction was monitored by laser absorption of CO molecules. The collected experimental data were subjected to extensive detailed chemical kinetics analysis. The initial kinetic model was assembled based on recent literature data and then optimized using the solution mapping technique. The analysis was extended to include recent experimental observations of Hidaka and co-workers (Combust Flame 1996, 107, 401). The derived model reproduces closely both sets of experimental data, the result obtained by modifying nine rate coefficients and three enthalpies of formation of intermediate species. The identified parameter tradeoffs and justification for the changes are discussed.

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“…Choudhuri and Subramanya [8] studied the flame extinction limits of H 2 -CO fuel blends. Goch and Chadwick [9] measured NO emission of CO-H 2 -CH 4 premixed flame. Dobbeling and Eroglu [10] analyzed the feasibility of low NO x premixed combustion of MBtu fuels under industrial gas turbine conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Premixed jet flame characteristics of syngas using OH planar laser induced fluorescence

et al. 2011

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Lean premixed flame characteristics of several typical low calorific value (LCV) syngases (basis CO/H 2 /CH 4 /CO 2 /N 2 ), including bituminous coal, wood residue, corn core, and wheat straw gasification syngas, were investigated using OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology. OH radical distributions within the turbulent flame were measured for different turbulence intensities. Flame structures of syngases were analyzed and characterized with respect to burnt and unburnt regions, flame curvature (sharp cusp), local extinction (holes and penetration), OH reaction layer thickness, wrinkling, and other features, with OH-PLIF instantaneous images and statistical analysis. Results show that H 2 content, LCV, and turbulence intensity are the most effective factors influencing the OH radical intensity and thickness of OH radical layers. The bituminous coal gasification syngas with relatively higher LCV and H 2 content tends to burn out easily. Through changes in thickness of the OH radical layers and signal intensities, the reaction layer can be compressed by intensifying turbulence and thereby the combustion processes of syngas. The integrated gasification combined cycle is one of the more-promising clean and efficient electricity generation technologies at present for coal utilization. Coal is partially oxidized to provide the needed heat for the endothermic gasification at a relatively high temperature and pressure, and the residue is translated into syngas fuel in the gasifier. The syngas, consisting mainly of CO, H 2 , CH 4 , is burned in a gas turbine to generate electricity after purification. The downstream waste-heat-recovery steam-turbine system further improves the overall energy conversion efficiency, which is much higher than a direct coal-combustion steam-turbine system [1]. As a kind of renewable and carbon-neutral fuel, biomass has attracted much more attention world-wide recently. Combustion, gasification, and liquefaction are the most popular utilization methods for biomass [2].Syngas, derived from coal and biomass gasification, is considered to be a more attractive fuel for further energy conversion and utilization. However, the LCV of syngas is usually much lower than for natural gas because of the dilution of N 2 and CO 2 . Efficient utilization of LCV syngas not only can enhance energy utilization efficiency but also can reduce toxic emissions, such as CO 2 , compared with just coal combustion. Coal and biomass can be used more cleanly and efficiently through gasification, which is of great significance both for environment, economic and energy security [3]. The combustion and flame stability of syngas, though, will be a big problem because of the variation of gas composition derived from the operation parameters of gasifier. The characteristics of syngas are always determined by different kinds of gasification fuels, such as the type of coal and biomass, gasification oxidizer such as steam, air, and pure oxygen. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the

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Laser-Induced fluorescence measurements and modeling of nitric oxide in premixed flames of CO+H2+CH4 and air at high pressures

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Experimental and modeling study of shock‐tube oxidation of acetylene

Premixed jet flame characteristics of syngas using OH planar laser induced fluorescence

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