Laser induced fluorescence measurements of the cylindrical Hall thruster plume

Spektor, Rostislav; Diamant, Kevin D.; Beiting, Edward J.; Raitses, Yevgeny; Fisch, Nathaniel J.

doi:10.1063/1.3475433

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is different from all electromagnet versions of the CHT, in which high energy ions are 13 accelerated towards and parallel to the thruster centerline. 21 . It is hypothesized that this difference in the ion acceleration between the cylindrical thrusters with electromagnet coils and permanent magnets is, in large part, because of a stronger axial magnetic field outside the permanent magnet thrusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, recent laser induced fluorescence measurements of the CHT with electromagnets revealed that magnetic field surfaces outside this thruster are not equipotential. 21 Keeping in mind that the outside magnetic field topology in the CHT thrusters is very different, the applicability of these results obtained for electromagnet thrusters to the permanent magnet thruster is not so obvious. Although the paraxial approximation does not seem to be applicable to complex magnetic field topologies of the CHT thrusters, focusing and defocusing regions likely exist in these thrusters as well.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cylindrical Hall Thrusters with Permanent Magnets

Raitses¹,

Merino²,

Fisch³

2010

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The use of permanent magnets instead of electromagnet coils for low power Hall thrusters can offer a significant reduction of both the total electric power consumption and the thruster mass.Two permanent magnet versions of the miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) of different overall dimensions were operated in the power range of 50W-300 W. The discharge and plasma plume measurements revealed that the CHT thrusters with permanent magnets and electromagnet coils operate rather differently. In particular, the angular ion current density distribution from the permanent magnet thrusters has an unusual halo shape, with a majority of high energy ions flowing at large angles with respect to the thruster centerline. Differences in the magnetic field topology outside the thruster channel and in the vicinity of the channel exit are likely responsible for the differences in the plume characteristics measured for the CHTs with electromagnets and permanent magnets. It is shown that the presence of the reversing-direction or cusp-type magnetic field configuration inside the thruster channel without a strong axial magnetic field outside the thruster channel does not lead to the halo plasma plume from the CHT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cylindrical Hall Thrusters with Permanent Magnets

Raitses¹,

Merino²,

Fisch³

2010

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“…This regime was usually achieved at the keeper current of larger than 1 A. 2,4,12,13,14 In the experiments with electromagnet CHT, the cathode placement with the respect to the thruster was fixed. The cathode outlet orifice was located approximately 5.4 cm away radially and 2.0 cm downstream from the center of the channel exit.…”

Section: Thruster Design and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and 2. For the CHTem thrusters, the cathode placement was different: the cathode outlet orifice was located approximately 5.4 cm away radially and 2 cm downstream from the center of the channel exit 14.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode Effects on Operation and Plasma Plume of the Permanent Magnet Cylindrical Hall Thruster

Gayoso

Raitses

Fisch³

2011

47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference &Amp;amp; Exhibit

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The use of permanent magnets instead of electromagnet coils can be advantageous for low power Hall thrusters. Previous measurements revealed that the miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) with permanent magnets and electromagnet coils operate rather differently. 1 In particular, the plasma flow from the permanent magnet CHT (CHTpm) has a halo shape with a majority of high energy ions flowing at large angles with respect to the thruster centerline. It was suggested that a strong axial magnetic field outside the permanent magnet CHT causes this unusual shape of the plasma plume. The use of a magnetic shield was shown to restore a conic shape of the plasma flow and to significantly narrow the plume. 2 New result reported in this paper is that when the magnetic field magnitude outside the permanent magnet thruster is sufficiently reduced by the magnetic shield, 1) the cathode placement with respect to the magnetic separatrix and 2) the auxiliary cathode-keeper discharge can affect to some degree the plasma plume of the CHTpm. With the cathode placement at the magnetic separatrix, an additional plume narrowing can be achieved by running the cathode keeper discharge without a significant degradation of the current utilization efficiency. This cathode effect on the plume angle is however not as strong as the effect of the magnetic shield.

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“…Spectroscopic techniques like optical emission spectroscopy [3], laser absorption spectroscopy [4], and laser-induced fluorescence [5] are also applied, but less frequently. Recently, force measurements were performed in the beam of an industrial broad-beam ion source that is very similar to the plume of gridded ion thrusters [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interferometric force probe for beam diagnostics and the study of sputtering

2018

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A novel probe for the measurement of forces exerted by a beam of ions and neutral atoms on a small target is described. The force probe is intended for various applications: First, diagnostics of thruster plumes of electric spacecraft propulsion engines, in particular the determination of the spatial distribution of the momentum in an exhaust beam, and second, the study of sputtering of solid targets by means of the related momentum transfer. The instrument makes use of a sensitive cantilever whose elastic deflection is measured interferometrically along two axes and enables that way a simultaneous measurement of two independent components of the force vector. The present contribution focuses on setup and calibration of the probe. Example measurements with obliquely irradiating ion beams are performed.

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Laser induced fluorescence measurements of the cylindrical Hall thruster plume

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Cylindrical Hall Thrusters with Permanent Magnets

Cylindrical Hall Thrusters with Permanent Magnets

Cathode Effects on Operation and Plasma Plume of the Permanent Magnet Cylindrical Hall Thruster

An interferometric force probe for beam diagnostics and the study of sputtering

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