Laser-induced fluorescence of pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in seawater

Rudnick, Steven M.

doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00160-x

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…PAHs in the marine environment originate from diffuse sources, such as atmospheric deposition of combusted fossil fuels, wood, etc., and point sources, such as oil spills in connection with transport and storage or off-shore oil drilling (Menzie et al 1992, Latimer & Zheng 2003. Pyrene is a suitable model compound in effect studies of PAHs as it is one of the dominant PAHs found in the environment (Verschueren 1983, Prahl et al 1984 and is used as an indicator of previous oil spills and PAH contamination in marine sediments (Rudnick & Chen 1998, Pastor et al 2001, Khan & Islam 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the biological effects of PAHs have therefore been focused on the benthic environment (Carman et al 1997, Lotufo 1997, Selck et al 2003. The few reported measurements of environmental concentrations of pyrene in the pelagic zone range from < 0.04 to 5.45 nmol l -1 pyrene (Dachs et al 1997, Law et al 1997, Rudnick & Chen 1998, Witt 2002, Latimer & Zheng 2003. However, there is evidence of pyrene persisting in the water column for longer periods of time (Yamada et al 2003), and environmental-fate modelling of PAHs estimates steady-state concentrations from diffuse pollution of up to 5 nmol l -1 pyrene in the water column (Khan & Islam 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and structural responses of marine plankton food web to pyrene contamination

Hjorth¹,

Vester²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The effects of single additions of pyrene (low, medium or high) on a natural marine plankton community are reported in this study. Direct and indirect effects on the function and structure of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were investigated using a food-web approach in a mesocosm. Phytoplankton communities suffered from direct effects of the exposure to pyrene and, after a lag-period of 2 d, so did the bacterial communities exposed to medium and high pyrene concentrations. Effects on the zooplankton community function were not as evident, mainly due to high variation in the measured prey uptake. Abundance of phytoplankton decreased, and the community composition changed in the exposed communities. The total phytoplankton community activity remained stable, resulting in high specific activity (activity per unit chlorophyll a), which could be interpreted as functional redundancy. However, we suggest that differences in nutrient availability between exposed and unexposed communities actually caused the indicated functional redundancy, as phytoplankton growth in control communities was nutrient limited during the experiment, whereas nutrient regeneration from the directly affected algae provided the exposed communities with better growth conditions. The system function, which integrates the functions of the 3 trophic levels, was affected at all 3 exposures during the first 5 d of the experiment. The change in system function suggests that PAHs (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) might be an important stress factor for pelagic systems, as a one-time exposure of a single compound changes the development of a pelagic community.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and structural responses of marine plankton food web to pyrene contamination

Hjorth¹,

Vester²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…New optical techniques involving portable or submersible fluorometers have however been employed in recent years to acquire real time and high frequency DOM measurements. Examples of such targeted DOM compounds include humic-like (Guay et al, 1999;Chen and Gardner, 2004;Xing et al, 2014;Yamashita et al, 2015), tryptophan-like (Baker et al, 2004;Hudson et al, 2007;Khamis et al, 2015) or oil/hydrocarbon-like fluorophores (Rudnick and Chen, 1998;Tedetti et al, 2010;Conmy et al, 2014). Data presented here are from one of these new generation sensors, the MiniFluo-UV (hereafter MiniFluo; Tedetti et al, 2013), a submersible fluorometer capable of performing in situ measurements of marine natural and anthropogenic DOM fluorophores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for Dissolved Organic Matter Measurements: Test Case from the NW Mediterranean Sea

Cyr

Tedetti

Besson³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The MiniFluo-UV is a new glider-compatible optical sensor for measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters. The working principle, sensor design and challenges faced during the validation phase are reported. The first in situ application of the sensor during three glider deployments in the NW Mediterranean sea (spring, summer, and fall) are also presented. For these campaigns, the two channels of the sensor were adjusted to target Tryptophan-like (excitation/emission wavelengths λ Ex /λ Em : 275/340 nm) and Phenanthrene-like (λ Ex /λ Em : 255/360 nm) fluorescence. These were chosen because they represent fluorophores of interest commonly found in seawater. While Tryptophan (an amino-acid believed to be a by-product of biological activity) is naturally found in the ocean, Phenanthrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) is mainly introduced in the environment by human activities. The addition of these variables to more common physical and biogeochemical glider measurements reveals new features of DOM dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea. For example, the temporal and spatial decoupling between Tryptophan-like and Chl-a fluorescence suggests that the former is not only a marker of phytoplankton activity, but could also give more subtle information on the microbial processes occurring. The identification of a Phenanthrene-like layer just below the pycnocline at all seasons also raises questions on the mechanisms driving its presence in the Mediterranean. Knowing that the role of ocean DOM on atmospheric carbon sequestration is becoming clearer, the high spatiotemporal resolution possible with this new sampling strategy may represents a key step toward our deep understanding of DOM dynamics and its role on the biological pump.

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), used here as target analytes, are known to be carcinogenic and/or mutagenic; many analytical reports on these compounds have, therefore, been published [12,13,14,15]. In CE analysis UV detection [4] and laser-induced fluorescence detection [16], etc., have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography using sweeping effect concentration system for determination of trace amounts of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Takagai

Igarashi

2002

Anal Bioanal Chem

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A powerful capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, with preconcentration in excess of 100,000-fold, has been developed by using a specific characteristic of perfluoro surfactants. Highly sensitive determination and separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were achieved by following a combination of two kinds of efficient preconcentration method using perfluoro surfactants. The two preconcentration methods combined were homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction for off-line concentration and a sweeping method as on-line concentration. Five PAH (1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, benzo( a)pyrene, benzo( e)pyrene, and pyrene) were investigated, and were completely separated. When the concentration-factor (volume ratio) was 8335-fold, the determination limits were in the range 10(-10) to 10(-9) mol L(-1). The maximum concentration-factor (volume ratio) obtained was 125,000-fold. Addition and recovery experiments were performed for three kinds of natural water (rain water, river water, and spring water).

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Laser-induced fluorescence of pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in seawater

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Functional and structural responses of marine plankton food web to pyrene contamination

Functional and structural responses of marine plankton food web to pyrene contamination

A New Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for Dissolved Organic Matter Measurements: Test Case from the NW Mediterranean Sea

Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography using sweeping effect concentration system for determination of trace amounts of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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