Laser-Induced Material Ejection from Model Molecular Solids and Liquids:  Mechanisms, Implications, and Applications

Georgiou, S.; Koubenakis, Antonis

doi:10.1021/cr010429o

Cited by 127 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 291 publications

(854 reference statements)

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“…1 In particular, pulsed laser ablation of solids in liquid environments (PLAL) has been extensively investigated as a technique for the fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) of a large variety of materials including metals, alloys, ceramics, and semiconductors. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Remarkable advantages of this method over chemical synthesis rely on the simplicity of the procedure, the weak agglomeration effects, and the lack of impurities caused by chemical precursors. The pioneering work on PLAL for materials processing on the stabilizing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Nanoparticles as Photoactive Substrates for Mass Spectrometry and Spectroscopy Sensors

et al. 2014

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Aqueous suspensions of platinum colloidal nanoparticles of varying size and polydispersity have been produced by ablation of a platinum target with a nanosecond Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Several laser wavelengths (1064, 532 and 266 nm) and stabilizing agents (citrate and polymers PEG, PVA and PVP) were employed. Laser ablation with the infrared and visible wavelengths leads to spherical amorphous nanoparticles with a bimodal distribution of diameters, featuring a global maximum in the range 5-10 nm and a shoulder extending to 25 nm. Such bimodal distributions plausibly arise from thermal and explosive vaporization mechanisms occurring in different time scales, as proposed in earlier studies.Ultraviolet ablation of Pt at 266 nm, reported here for the first time, produces crystalline nanoparticles of small size (1-4 nm diameter), with a weak onset of larger particles (6-8 nm). The ablation at 266 nm also produced an appreciable yield of large rod-like particles of size ∼ 10 x 70 nm 2 , especially in the presence of PEG and PVA. The Pt nanoparticles served to fabricate films capable of assisting the laser desorption ionization (LDI) of a model peptide. The best analytical performance for LDI mass spectrometric detection was obtained with Pt nanoparticles surface functionalized with citrate and PVA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Nanoparticles as Photoactive Substrates for Mass Spectrometry and Spectroscopy Sensors

et al. 2014

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“…A scheme of the different fields of ablation is shown in Fig. 1.Excellent summaries on various aspects of laser ablation can be found in various books [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and recent reviews [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. The vastly increasing research in laser ablation sparked many conference series (e.g., organized by SPIE, E-MRS) and even one biannual conference series focused solely on laser ablation (International Conference on Laser Ablation, COLA).…”

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confidence: 99%

Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

150

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Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements.Keywords Laser ablation · Ablation mechanism · Photopolymers · Polyimide · Spectroscopy This was not always true, of course. For many years, the laser was viewed as "an answer in search of a question". That is, it was seen as an elegant device, but one with no real useful application outside of fundamental scientific research. In the last two to three decades however, numerous laser applications have moved from the laboratory to the industrial workplace or the commercial market. Lasers are unique energy sources characterized by their spectral purity, spatial and temporal coherence, and high average peak intensity. Each of these characteristics has led to applications that take advantage of these qualities: -Spatial coherence: e.g., remote sensing, range finding and many holographic techniques. -Spectral purity: e.g., atmospheric monitoring based on high-resolution spectroscopies. -and of course the many other applications in communication and storage, e.g., CDs.All of these high-tech applications have come to define everyday life in the late twentieth century. One property of lasers, however, that of high intensity, did not immediately lead to "delicate" applications but rather to those requiring "brute force". That is, the laser was used in applications for removing material or heating. The first realistic applications involved cutting, drilling, and welding, and the laser was little more advanced than a saw, a drill, or a torch. In a humorous vein A.L. Schawlow proposed and demonstrated the first "laser eraser" in 1965 [4], using the different absorptivities of paper and ink to remove the ink without damaging the und...

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“…Laser-based ablation processes are of eminent importance for contactless machining of materials and are therefore well studied [1][2][3]. In particular, short-pulse ablation with picosecond or femtosecond pulses (nanosecond pulses in the case of soft matter) can yield very selective and localized material emission due to the confinement conditions at early times of the excitation.…”

Section: Recapitulation Of Thermal Ablation From Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser near field ablation

Plech

Leiderer

Boneberg

2009

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The high field strength of femtosecond laser pulses leads to nonlinear effects during the interaction with condensed matter. One such effect is the ablation process, which can be initiated below the threshold of common thermal ablation if the excitation pulses are sufficiently short. This effect leads to structure formation, which is anisotropic because of the polarization properties of the near field and can result in pattern sizes below the resolution limit of light. These effects are explored by temporally resolved scattering methods and by post-mortem analysis to show the non-thermal and anisotropic nature of this process. The near-field distribution of plasmon modes can be tailored to a large extent in order to obtain control of the pattern formation.Ablation impact of a spherical polystyrene particle on a silicon surface (left) as visualized by atomic force microscopy and the change in the scattering pattern of a gold nanoparticle (right) both irradiated with single femtosecond pulses. The anisotropy in both images is a result of the near-field-enhanced sub-threshold ablation process.

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Laser-Induced Material Ejection from Model Molecular Solids and Liquids: Mechanisms, Implications, and Applications

Cited by 127 publications

References 291 publications

Platinum Nanoparticles as Photoactive Substrates for Mass Spectrometry and Spectroscopy Sensors

Platinum Nanoparticles as Photoactive Substrates for Mass Spectrometry and Spectroscopy Sensors

Laser Application of Polymers

Femtosecond laser near field ablation

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