Laser-induced plasma and local temperature field for high-efficiency ammonia synthesis

Wu, Tong; Chang, Bin; Li, Yue; Zhang, Xiangzhou; Zhao, Xiaolei; Liu, Zhen; Zhang, Guixiang; Liu, Xiaoyan; Zhao, Lili; Zhang, Yuhai; Zhang, Huabin; Liu, Hong; Zhou, Weijia

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108855

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, upon laser activation, an emission peak cluster immediately appeared at 390–600 nm in the emission spectra. The peak at 746.5 nm was attributed to N plasma. , These results indicated that N 2 was ionized into a plasma state under laser irradiation. The peaks located at 656.3, 777.9, and 616.5 nm corresponded to H, O, and OH plasma, − indicating that H 2 O was also ionized into H, O, and OH plasma.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Therefore, sophisticated active centers need to be designed to promote the activation of N 2 . − Electrocatalytic N 2 fixation has also attracted considerable attention due to its low energy consumption, simple equipment, and environmental friendliness; however, problems such as catalyst deactivation exist, and the source of nitrogen in the product has not been fully elucidated. − The use of mechanochemical reactions has recently emerged as a new strategy for N 2 fixation driven by mechanical energy. However, the use of hydrogen in this reaction carries a potential risk of leakage, coupled with the absence of effective catalysts for continuous ammonia synthesis. , Methods involving the use of catalysts or materials for laser-powered nitrogen fixation have also emerged. , Additionally, due to the cost and instability of catalysts, and the lack of rigorous analysis of the results have delayed the progress of the above-mentioned catalytic N 2 fixation methods. − Accordingly, considering the history of N 2 activation (Figure ), a catalyst-free technique with low energy consumption, no CO 2 emission, and simple operation urgently needs to be developed to achieve high yield and sustainable N 2 fixation under safe, mild, and environmentally benign conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalyst-Free Activation and Fixation of Nitrogen by Laser-Induced Conversion

Cao,

Li,

Yan

et al. 2024

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Ultrafast N 2 fixation reactions are quite challenging. Currently used methods for N 2 fixation are limited, and strong dinitrogen bonds usually need to be activated via extreme temperature or pressure or by the use of an energy-consuming process with sophisticated catalysts. Herein, we report a novel laser-based chemical method for N 2 fixation under ambient conditions without catalysts, this method is called laser bubbling in liquids (LBL), and it directly activates N 2 in water (H 2 O) and efficiently converts N 2 into valuable NH 3 (max: 4.2 mmol h −1 ) and NO 3 − (0.17 mmol h −1 ). Remarkably, the highest yields of NH 3 and NO 3 − are 4 orders of magnitude greater than the best values for electrocatalysis reported to date. Notably, we further validate the experimental mechanism by using optical emission spectroscopy to detect the production of intermediate plasma and by employing isotope tracing. We also establish that an extremely high-temperature environment far from thermodynamic equilibrium inside a laser-induced bubble and the kinetic process of rapid quenching of bubbles is crucial for N 2 activation and fixation to generate NH 3 and NO x via LBL. Based on these results, it is shown that LBL is a simple, safe, efficient, green, and sustainable technology that enables the rapid conversion of the renewable feedstocks H 2 O and N 2 to NH 3 and NO 3 − , facilitating new prospects for chemical N 2 fixation.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst-Free Activation and Fixation of Nitrogen by Laser-Induced Conversion

Cao,

Li,

Yan

et al. 2024

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Strategies to achieve effective nitrogen activation

Chang,

Zhang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Carbon Energy

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Ammonia serves as a crucial chemical raw material and hydrogen energy carrier. Aqueous electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), powered by renewable energy, has attracted tremendous interest during the past few years. Although some achievements have been revealed in aqueous NRR, significant challenges have also been identified. The activity and selectivity are fundamentally limited by nitrogen activation and competitive hydrogen evolution. This review focuses on the hurdles of nitrogen activation and delves into complementary strategies, including materials design and system optimization (reactor, electrolyte, and mediator). Then, it introduces advanced interdisciplinary technologies that have recently emerged for nitrogen activation using high‐energy physics such as plasma and triboelectrification. With a better understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms in the coming years, these technologies have the potential to be extended in further applications. This review provides further insight into the reaction mechanisms of selectivity and stability of different reaction systems. We then recommend a rigorous and detailed protocol for investigating NRR performance and also highlight several potential research directions in this exciting field, coupling with advanced interdisciplinary applications, in situ/operando characterizations, and theoretical calculations.

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Laser‐processed lithium niobate wafer for pyroelectric sensor

Xin,

Han,

Song

et al. 2024

InfoMat

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During the past few decades, pyroelectric sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their prominent features. However, their effectiveness is hindered by low electric output. In this study, the laser processed lithium niobate (LPLN) wafers are fabricated to improve the temperature–voltage response. These processed wafers are utilized to construct pyroelectric sensors as well as human–machine interfaces. The laser induces escape of oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancies, which enhance the charge transport capability on the surface of lithium niobate (LN). Therefore, the electrodes gather an increased quantity of charges, increasing the pyroelectric voltage on the LPLN wafers to a 1.3 times higher voltage than that of LN wafers. For the human–machine interfaces, tactile information in various modes can be recognized by a sensor array and the temperature warning system operates well. Therefore, the laser modification approach is promising to enhance the performance of pyroelectric devices for applications in human–machine interfaces.image

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Laser-induced plasma and local temperature field for high-efficiency ammonia synthesis

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Catalyst-Free Activation and Fixation of Nitrogen by Laser-Induced Conversion

Catalyst-Free Activation and Fixation of Nitrogen by Laser-Induced Conversion

Strategies to achieve effective nitrogen activation

Laser‐processed lithium niobate wafer for pyroelectric sensor

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