Laser-induced shock waves in condensed matter: some techniques and applications

Luo, S. N.; Swift, Damian; Tierney, T. E.; Paisley, Dennis L.; Kyrala, G. A.; Johnson, R. P.; Hauer, A.; Tschauner, Oliver; Asimow, Paul D.

doi:10.1080/08957950412331331709

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[27][28][29][30] Results for such loading onto aluminum are also presented in Figure 2, summarizing a series of experiments conducted on a range of platforms that deliver pullback signals, which have been used to recover dynamic tensile strength. The trends show that the NAG of voids is consistent with delivering a signal, which implies an almost constant value of tensile strength.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials’ Physics in Extremes: Akrology

Bourne

2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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An understanding of the behavior of materials in mechanical extremes has become a pressing need in order to exploit new environments. Any impulse consists of a cascade of deformation mechanisms starting with ultrafast and concluding with slower ones, yet these have not been suitably defined over the past years. This requirement has prompted the design of new experimental platforms and diagnostics and an increase in modern computer power. However, this effort has removed necessary focus on the operating suite of deformation mechanisms activated in loaded materials. This article reviews the material response and attempts to order physical pathways according to the length and time scales they operate within. A dimensionless constant is introduced to scale the contributions of component pathways by quantifying their completion with respect to the loading impulse applied. This concept is extended to suggest a new framework to describe the response to arbitrary insult and to show the relevance of particular techniques to component parts of the problem. The application of a step impulse via shock loading is shown to be the primary derivation experiment to address these needs and map components of the response.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials’ Physics in Extremes: Akrology

Bourne

2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…The deviation of shock response from perfect planarity due to microstructure has been investigated with spatially resolved diagnostics ͑nor-mally recording the movement at free surfaces or the targetwindow interfaces͒, including line-imaging velocimetry and two-dimensional ͑2D͒ displacement interferometry. [12][13][14] It would be interesting to model such surface movements with MD in order to help interpret these surface measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock wave loading and spallation of copper bicrystals with asymmetric Σ3⟨110⟩ tilt grain boundaries

Luo¹,

Germann²,

Tonks³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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We investigate the effect of asymmetric grain boundaries ͑GBs͒ on the shock response of Cu bicrystals with molecular dynamics simulations. We choose a representative ⌺3͗110͘ tilt GB type, ͑110͒ 1 / ͑114͒ 2 , and a grain size of about 15 nm. The shock loading directions lie on the GB plane and are along ͓001͔ and ͓221͔ for the two constituent crystals. The bicrystal is characterized in terms of local structure, shear strain, displacement, stress and temperature during shock compression, and subsequent release and tension. The shock response of the bicrystal manifests pronounced deviation from planar loading as well as strong stress and strain concentrations, due to GBs and the strong anisotropy in elasticity and plasticity. We explore incipient to full spallation. Voids nucleate either at GBs or on GB-initiated shear planes, and the spall damage also depends on grain orientation.

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“…In this work, we utilize laser-induced shock wave loading 26,27 at higher strain and heating rates and shorter loading durations to probe possible transient structures on the path of graphite-diamond transition. The starting materials were a mixture of graphite and copper powders ͑3:16 by mass͒.…”

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“…͑Nonetheless, the nonuniformity can be alleviated by spatially smoothing the laser beam with phase plates, and advances have been achieved in time-resolved structure measurements, for example, with transient x-ray diffraction. 26,28 ͒ Due to inherent technical limitations, we intended mainly to investigate the structure changes of graphite under high strain-and heating-rate laserdriven shock wave experiments by rapidly quenching structurally modified high-pressure structures to ambient conditions. The issue of structural changes upon release has remained unresolved in general for shock recovery experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel crystalline carbon-cage structure synthesized from laser-driven shock wave loading of graphite

Luo

Tschauner

Tierney

et al. 2005

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We report a novel crystalline carbon-cage structure synthesized from laser-driven shock wave loading of a graphite-copper mixture to about 14± 2 GPa and 1000± 200 K. Quite unexpectedly, it can be structurally related to an extremely compressed three-dimensional C 60 polymer with random displacement of C atoms around average positions equivalent to those of distorted C 60 cages. Thus, the present carbon-cage structure represents a structural crossing point between graphite interlayer bridging and C 60 polymerization as the two ways of forming diamond from two-dimensional and molecular carbon. Understanding the graphite-diamond transition mechanisms including transitory or intermediate phases may open windows for a more efficient synthesis of diamond. The graphite-diamond transition is also interesting by itself as a paradigm of reconstructive transitions involving changes in coordination, bonding and dimensionality, and for its possible relations with other transition routes to diamond from, for instance, C 60 polymers. However, the detailed mechanisms still remain unsettled despite considerable experimental and theoretical efforts motivated by the technological and scientific significance.Carbon is a complicated system 1 rich in polymorphs due to its ability to form sp-, sp 2 -, and sp 3 -hybridized C-C bonds including molecular phases such as buckyballs and buckytubes, the two-dimensional ͑2D͒ graphite, and threedimensional ͑3D͒ tetrahedral network of diamond. C 60 polymers, 2-5 carbyne, 6 and hypothetical cage structures such as carbon zeolites 7 establish intermediate phases intriguing for their structures and properties. The phase diagram and other high-pressure properties of C 60 have been investigated extensively using static techniques. 4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The transitions of graphite and buckyballs to diamond involve major reconstruction of bonding and coordination, and thus are loadingrate-dependent processes. Dynamic experiments such as shock waves may be advantageous for revealing the transition mechanisms by metastable recovery of transient structures formed upon ultrafast loading. We have demonstrated for silica ͑another paradigm system͒ that a transient structure intermediate between tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated phases forms upon shock wave loading of quartz and coesite. 16 Diamond was synthesized by conventional shock wave ͑explosives or gas guns͒ loading of graphite alone or graphite-copper powder mixture to about 20 GPa and above. [17][18][19][20] Recent explosive-driven shock wave loading of pyrolytic graphite to about 15 GPa yielded several carbon allotropes including carbyne, a diamondlike phase and possibly fullerene. 21 It is worth noting that C 60 fullerene synthesis was pioneered by vaporizing graphite using lasers. 22 Naturally occurring fullerenes in meteorites and sediments were inferred to have formed during terrestrial impact. 23,24 Conventional shock wave loading of C 60 fullerene yielded amorphous diamond. 25 The differences in heating and strain rates, po...

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Laser-induced shock waves in condensed matter: some techniques and applications

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

Materials’ Physics in Extremes: Akrology

Materials’ Physics in Extremes: Akrology

Shock wave loading and spallation of copper bicrystals with asymmetric Σ3⟨110⟩ tilt grain boundaries

Novel crystalline carbon-cage structure synthesized from laser-driven shock wave loading of graphite

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