Laser-Induced Thermal Damage of Skin

Takata, Ami; Zaneveld, L; Richter, W.

doi:10.21236/ada054612

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[15][16][17] Several authors have contributed to numerical simulations of optical-thermal response of tissues and models of the damage process. These are largely built on the original works of Mainster 18 and Takata, 19,20 with many authors contributing through the addition of increased fidelity. [21][22][23][24] Models that represent the skin as a two-or three-layer construct, with a Beer's law absorption term for the laser energy deposition, have been shown to accurately predict the optical-thermal response of the tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23][24] Models that represent the skin as a two-or three-layer construct, with a Beer's law absorption term for the laser energy deposition, have been shown to accurately predict the optical-thermal response of the tissue. 5,19,25 Thermal diffusion solutions are most often computed through finite element or finite difference methods. Increased accuracy has been demonstrated when temperature-dependent surface cooling associated with the evaporation of water is included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1319-nm continuous-wave laser exposures

Oliver

Vincelette²,

Noojin³

et al. 2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. A series of experiments were conducted in vivo using Yucatan miniature pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1319-nm continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Experiments employed exposure durations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 10 s and beam diameters of ∼0.6 and 1 cm. Thermal imagery data provided a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. A damage endpoint of fifty percent probability of a minimally visible effect was used to determine threshold for damage at 1 and 24 h postexposure. Predicted thermal response and damage thresholds are compared with a numerical model of opticalthermal interaction. Resultant trends with respect to exposure duration and beam diameter are compared with current standardized exposure limits for laser safety. Mathematical modeling agreed well with experimental data, predicting that though laser safety standards are sufficient for exposures <10 s, they may become less safe for very long exposures. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1319-nm continuous-wave laser exposures

Oliver

Vincelette²,

Noojin³

et al. 2013

J. Biomed. Opt

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6,7 Several authors have contributed to numerical simulations of optical-thermal response of tissues and models of the damage process. These are largely built on the original works of Mainster et al, 8 and Takata, Zaneveld, and Richter, 9 with many authors contributing through the addition of increased fidelity. 6,10,11 Models that represent the skin as a two-or three-layer construct, with a Beer's law absorption term for the laser energy deposition, have been shown to accurately predict the opticalthermal response of the tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1940-nm continuous-wave laser exposures

Oliver

Stolarski²,

Noojin³

et al. 2010

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Abstract. A series of experiments are conducted in vivo using Yucatan mini-pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1940-nm continuous-wave thulium fiber laser irradiation. Experiments employ exposure durations from 10 ms to 10 s and beam diameters of approximately 4.8 to 18 mm. Thermal imagery data provide a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. A damage endpoint of minimally visible effect is employed to determine threshold for damage at 1 and 24 h postexposure. Predicted thermal response and damage thresholds are compared with a numerical model of optical-thermal interaction. Results are compared with current exposure limits for laser safety. It is concluded that exposure limits should be based on data representative of large-beam exposures, where effects of radial diffusion are minimized for longer-duration damage thresholds.C 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Damage from longer pulses (greater than 10 -6 seconds) follows the thermal model proposed by Takata et al; however, in a few cases the damage is clearly not thermal and appears to be due to acoustic effects. [2,4,[6][7][8] There are several parameters that are contributing factors to the differences in damage such as wavelength, spot size, pulse width, and intensity. [5,9] To date, there has not been an all encompassing investigation at one wavelength to determine how the variances in these parameters affects the estimated dose to 50% injury (ED 50 ) as this would be cost and time prohibitive with the current method of live animal testing.…”

Section: Statement Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal injury to ex vivo eyes exposed to a 3.8-micron laser

et al. 2005

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. The author hereby certifies that the use of any copyrighted material in the thesis manuscript entitled: Corneal Injury to Ex-vivo Eyes Exposed to a 3.8 Micron Laserbeyond brief excerpts is with the permission of the copyright owner, and will save and hold harmless the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences from any damage that may arise from such copyright violations. Department of Preventive Medicine and BiometricsAs a consequence of the significant expansion of laser use in medicine, industry and research, specific safety standards must be developed that appropriately address eye protection. The purpose of this study is to establish injury thresholds to the cornea for 3.8 µm 8 microsecond laser light pulses and to investigate a possible replacement model to live animal testing. Previous studies of pulsed energy absorption at 3.8 µm were performed using rhesus monkey cornea and were at pulse durations two orders of magnitude different than the 8 microsecond pulses used in this study. Ex-vivo pig eyes were exposed at varying energies and evaluated to establish the statistical threshold for corneal damage. Histologic evaluation was used to determine the extent of damage to the cornea. It is expected that the results will be used to assist in the establishment of safety standards for laser use and offer an alternative to future animal use in establishment of safety standards.

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Laser-Induced Thermal Damage of Skin

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1319-nm continuous-wave laser exposures

Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1319-nm continuous-wave laser exposures

Infrared skin damage thresholds from 1940-nm continuous-wave laser exposures

Corneal injury to ex vivo eyes exposed to a 3.8-micron laser

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