Laser interference induced nano-crystallized surface swellings of amorphous carbon for advanced micro tribology

Synergetic effects of surface texturing and solid lubricants to tailor friction and wear – A review

“…One aspect not addressed in Suh's work was that surface texturing also decreases the real area of contact, which helps to reduce the adhesion component of friction. This is particularly important for DLC films due to their high surface energy [192]. propagation [193].…”

“…Most successful reports of direct texturing of DLCs have been carried out using femtosecond pulsed lasers (due to reduced thermal effects) [124,209,212]. One alternative is direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) allowing for a fast fabrication of periodic patterns on macroscopic areas based on the interference of two coherent laser beams [118,192,210,211,213,214].…”

“…Graphitization of DLC films starts at lower fluences, accompanied by surface swelling due to reduction of the material's density, thus creating localized graphitized bulges as texture [118,207,227]. For DLIP, graphitization occurs only at the regions of maximum interference [192,208,210,211]. For higher fluences, which can be obtained by increasing either the energy density or the number of laser pulses, ablation dominates, thus locally removing the carbon film to generate grooves or dimples [124,228].…”

Development of a general model for direct laser interference patterning of polymers

“…Ranging from friction reduction to the bacterial adhesion control, the modification of the material surface is the key for improving the performance of a device or even creating a completely new function [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Among different laser processing techniques, Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) is one of the most efficient routes for texturing materials up to the nanometer scale with high throughput [14][15][16]. The DLIP process relies on the local surface modification process which is obtained when two or more coherent laser beams interfere on the surface of a material, producing periodic surface patterns with controllable pitch and geometry [17][18][19][20].…”

Fabrication of multi-scale periodic surface structures on Ti-6Al-4V by direct laser writing and direct laser interference patterning for modified wettability applications

“…Periodic surface patterns can be produced in a one-step process with controllable pitch and geometry, allowing the creations of lines, pillars, holes and other geometries [34][35][36][37][38] , both in ablation and swelling regimes [39] . This characteristic has allowed DLIP to directly process different surfaces for a wide number of application fields such as increasing the optical transmittance of Indium thin oxides [40] , enhance tribological performances of ta-C thin films [41] , fabricating micro-lenses [42] , patterning of graphene oxide for humidity sensing [43] , scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering [44] or surface structuring of biocompatible diamond-like carbon layers for controlled cell growth [45,46] . Moreover high fabrication speeds have been recently reported both for polymers [47] and metals [48] .…”