Laser material processing

Abstract

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) is a coherent and monochromatic source of electromagnetic radiation that can propagate in a straight line with negligible divergence. As a result, laser finds diverse applications ranging from mere mundane to most sophisticated uses either for totally commercial or purely scientific purposes, and from life saving to life threatening causes. High power lasers can produce intense heating and perform various manufacturing operations or material processing. The present contribution provides an overview of the application of high power laser only for material processing in engineering applications, and intentionally excludes the scope of application of laser in metrology, biomedical technology, spectroscopy, etc. The manufacturing processes covered have been broadly divided into four major categories, namely, laser assisted forming, joining, machining and surface engineering. Besides discussing the scope and principle of these processes, each section enumerates a detailed update of literature, scientific issues and technological innovations. At the beginning, a brief introduction to different types of lasers and their general applications, fundamentals of lasermatter interaction and classification of laser material processing has been provided. The entire discussion primarily focuses on correlating the properties with processing parameters and microstructure and composition of the material.

Laser-welded stainless steel I-sections: Residual stress measurements and column buckling tests

“…This technology can be used for the production of mild steel and stainless steel sections [1][2][3]. Laser-welding enables the heat input to be kept to a minimum, thus resulting in small heat affected zones, low thermal distortions and low residual stresses [2][3][4]. Compared to traditional arc welding, laser-welding offers the potential for a greater degree of automation, with higher welding speeds, quality and precision.…”

Tribology and high temperature friction wear behavior of MCrAlY laser cladding coatings on stainless steel

“…The technique can be applied to both small parts and com-ponents with complex geometries [6,7]. Process parameters and shiel-ding gas can be controlled to obtain the minimum chemical dilution of the coating alloy with the substrate and to reduce defects [8,9]. Laser cladding can be an alternative to thermal spray process, improving the integrity of the bond coat bond in thermal barrier coatings systems with MCrAlY alloys.…”

Numerical simulation of powder transport behavior in laser cladding with coaxial powder feeding

“…Laser cladding can also be used to repair damaged parts and even to fabricate complete parts by multi-layer deposition. Compared with conventional coating process such as thermal spraying, laser cladding has many advantages, including minimal dilution and distortion, higher bond strength between coating and substrate, better surface quality, better process flexibility [1][2][3][4].…”