Laser-Patterned Hierarchical Aligned Micro-/Nanowire Network for Highly Sensitive Multidimensional Strain Sensor

Abstract

Flexible multidirectional strain sensors capable of simultaneously detecting strain amplitudes and directions have attracted tremendous interest. Herein, we propose a flexible multidirectional strain sensor based on a newly designed single-layer hierarchical aligned micro-/nanowire (HAMN) network. The HAMN network is efficiently fabricated using a one-step femtosecond laser patterning technology based on a modulated line-shaped beam. The anisotropic performance is attributed to the significantly different morphological changes caused by an inhomogeneous strain redistribution among the HAMN network. The fabricated strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor of 65 under 2.5% strain and 462 under larger strains), low response/recovery time (140 and 322 ms), and good stability (over 1000 cycles). Moreover, this single-layer strain sensor with high selectivity (gauge factor differences of ∼73 between orthogonal strains) is capable of distinguishing multidimensional strains and exhibits decoupled responses under low strains (<1%). Therefore, the strain sensors enable the precise monitoring of subtle movements, including radial pulses and wrist bending, and the rectification of pen-holding posture. Benefitting from these remarkable performances, the HAMN-based strain sensors show potential applications, including healthcare and complex human motion monitoring.

Cartilage‐Inspired Multidirectional Strain Sensor with High Elasticity and Anisotropy Based on Segmented Embedded Strategy

“…The changes in sensitivity in the three directions during the bending test are summarized in Figure 5C, with GFx′ = 25.573, GFy′ = 3.6225, and GFz′ = 6.5433. The SEH‐based multidirectional strain sensor has multidimensional strain sensing capabilities, especially in terms of working range and response time, which are superior to previously reported multidirectional strain sensors [ 43–47 ] (Figure 5D). In terms of directional selectivity and sensitivity, the ion‐conducting strain sensor is inferior to the electron‐conducting sensor, but the sensor in this work still has excellent directional selectivity (detailed comparison summary in Table S1, Supporting Information).…”

Strain-Sensing Composite Nanofiber Filament and Regulation Mechanism of Shoulder Peaks Based on Carbon Nanomaterial Dispersion

“…At the micro level, the total resistance of CPC is a function of both the electrical resistance through each conductive nanoparticle and the polymer substrate, which can be described using the following equations ,, R = M ( R a + R s ) N where R , R a , and R s represent the total resistance, the resistance between two adjacent nanofillers, and the resistance across a single nanofiller, respectively. For CNFs, because R a is considerably larger than R s , the intrinsic resistance of nanocarbon can be neglected ( R a + R s ≈ R a ).…”

“…At the micro level, the total resistance of CPC is a function of both the electrical resistance through each conductive nanoparticle and the polymer substrate, which can be described using the following equations 45,53,54…”

Micelle–Micelle Cross-Linked Highly Stretchable Conductive Hydrogels for Potential Applications of Strain and Electronic Skin Sensors

“…10,11 These sensors can detect biological and mechanical activities and provide feedback through changes in their electrical output. 12 Over the years, a variety of dependable sensor materials have been developed, such as those utilizing carbon, 13−15 nanowires, 16 and conductive polymers. 17 However, a major obstacle faced by these sensors is their limited working range, large response time, and susceptibility to rapid conductivity deterioration under repeated large deformations.…”

“…Flexible strain and electronic sensors have captured a great deal of attention due to their broad potential applications in areas such as electric skin, − human movement detection, − health monitoring, , and energy storage. , These sensors can detect biological and mechanical activities and provide feedback through changes in their electrical output . Over the years, a variety of dependable sensor materials have been developed, such as those utilizing carbon, − nanowires, and conductive polymers . However, a major obstacle faced by these sensors is their limited working range, large response time, and susceptibility to rapid conductivity deterioration under repeated large deformations.…”