Laser Phase Noise in Ring Resonator Assisted Direct Detection Data Transmission

Nojić, Jovana; Tabatabaei-Mashayekh, Alireza; Rahman, Talha; Moscoso-Mártir, Alvaro; Merget, Florian; Sun, Xu; Witzens, Jeremy

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2020.3041742

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…4 and are all independent on the backscattering coefficient. The purple dots are dominated by LFN: the solid blue line is the laser frequency noise calculated from the knowledge of the laser linewidth and the slope of the transmission spectrum, as described in [10]. The red dots are dominated by different noise sources, depending on the value of the backscattering coefficient.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, ring laser gyros are highly susceptible to thermal drift and require a more complicated setup than other types of gyros. 10 In [5], a silica ring resonator waveguide fabricated on a silicon chip with a length of 7.9 cm and a Q factor of 15 million had a measured angular random walk (ARW) of 720 deg/h/√Hz and a drift of 15 deg/h. The same group later reported a silica-on-silicon multi-turn resonant gyro with a length of 38.5 cm, a Q factor of 14 million, and a measured ARW of 20 deg/h/√Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Q silicon nitride resonator gyroscope interrogated with broadband light

Zawada

Feshali²,

Jin³

et al. 2023

Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

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Advancements in silicon photonics technology have resulted in significant progress toward tactical-grade chip-scale optical gyroscopes for applications such as inertial navigation for a range of self-driving vehicles. Our first generation of gyro, reported a year ago, was a resonant ring gyro fabricated with an ultra-low-loss silicon-nitride waveguide in a racetrack shape with a perimeter of 37 mm and a finesse of 1270. When the laser frequency was tuned to interrogate the resonance with the lowest backscattering coefficient, and balanced detection was implemented to reduce common noise in the two output signals, the angular random walk (ARW) was measured to be 80 deg/h/√Hz, and the gyro output was dominated by backscattering noise. The second-generation reported here utilizes a longer ring to further reduce backscattering noise. The ring resonator is a circular spiral with 33 turns, a length of 1.2 m, and a finesse of 29. When interrogated with a narrow-linewidth laser like the racetrack gyro, it has a measured ARW of 210 deg/h/√Hz dominated by laser-frequency noise. The ARW is higher than that of the racetrack gyro because the balanced detection was not as effective (13.2 dB of common noise rejection compared to 18 dB in the racetrack gyro). Tests in a vacuum indicate that environmental fluctuations do not contribute to the noise, and that most of the measured drift (3,500 deg/h) has an optical and/or electronic origin. We also report the noise performance of the racetrack gyro interrogated in a Sagnac interferometer probed with broadband light. This configuration was inspired by a recent publication from Shanghai Jiao Tong University that reports a resonant fiber optic gyroscope interrogated with broadband light with a measured ARW that meets tactical-grade requirements. The advantages of this interrogation technique are that it eliminates the need to stabilize the resonator, it reduces the component count, and by making use of incoherent light, it reduces the backscattering noise. The measured ARW of the racetrack gyro interrogated with broadband light was dominated by excess noise at large detected powers, and it was a factor of ~900 larger than the ARW of the same racetrack gyro interrogated with the laser. The reason for this increase in ARW is that the advantage of having a high-finesse resonator is lost when the ring is interrogated with broadband light, and the sensitivity is reduced by a factor of the finesse compared to the same ring resonator interrogated with a laser. This reduction in sensitivity is demonstrated experimentally. Achieving tactical-grade requirements will require returning to a laser interrogation, improving the balanced detection scheme to achieve a noise cancellation of 25 dB or better, and optimizing the laser linewidth to minimize both laser frequency noise and backscattering noise.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Q silicon nitride resonator gyroscope interrogated with broadband light

Zawada

Feshali²,

Jin³

et al. 2023

Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(1), with the phase offsets introduced by the distribution network for both the signal and pilot tone and the group delay introduced by the delay loop in the demodulator taken into account. This communication scheme can be seen to have analogies with optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 56 and shares some of the underlying formalism, but instead of encoding data by applying it to several time domain samples varying in time according to a subchannel frequency, the data is applied to several comb lines whose complex valued amplitudes vary with frequency according to an ODDM channel time delay.…”

Section: Appendix I: Orthogonality Conditions and Spectral Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable orthogonal delay-division multiplexed OEO artificial neural network trained for TI-ADC equalization

Zazzi,

Das,

Hüssen

et al. 2023

Photon. Res.

Self Cite

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We propose a new signaling scheme for on-chip optical-electrical-optical artificial neural networks that utilizes orthogonal delay-division multiplexing and pilot-tone-based self-homodyne detection. This scheme offers a more efficient scaling of the optical power budget with increasing network complexity. Our simulations, based on 220 nm silicon-on-insulator silicon photonics technology, suggest that the network can support 31×31 neurons, with 961 links and freely programmable weights, using a single 500 mW optical comb and a signal-to-noise ratio of 21.3 dB per neuron. Moreover, it features a low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, ensuring that it can be operated outside of a laboratory environment. We demonstrate the network’s effectiveness in nonlinear equalization tasks by training it to equalize a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture, achieving an effective number of bits over 4 over the entire 75 GHz ADC bandwidth. We anticipate that this network architecture will enable broadband and low latency nonlinear signal processing in practical settings such as ultra-broadband data converters and real-time control systems.

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Resonant light scattering from dielectric ring of rectangular cross section

Solodovchenko

Seidov

Samusev

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this paper we present the results of numerical calculations of electromagnetic properties for cylindrical ring resonators (RRs) with rectangular cross-section and a dielectric permittivity corresponding to silicon ε = 12. The calculation of the scattering spectrum (Radar Cross Section) and the field distribution of the modes were performed at in-plane polarized light excitation. The presence of four side walls in the RRs determines a richer spectrum of eigenmodes in comparison with cylindrical whispering gallery modes of disk resonators and creates more possibilities and diversity for their practical applications.

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Laser Phase Noise in Ring Resonator Assisted Direct Detection Data Transmission

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

High-Q silicon nitride resonator gyroscope interrogated with broadband light

High-Q silicon nitride resonator gyroscope interrogated with broadband light

Scalable orthogonal delay-division multiplexed OEO artificial neural network trained for TI-ADC equalization

Resonant light scattering from dielectric ring of rectangular cross section

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