Laser powder bed fusion of M789 maraging steel on Cr–Mo N709 steel: Microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties

Tian, Yuan; Nyamuchiwa, Kudakwashe; Chadha, Kanwal; He, Youliang; Aranas, Clodualdo

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2022.142827

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The interface was reported to be intact in both printed and heat-treated conditions, and no cracks were observed. The interface revealed a fine microstructure with possible precipitation of the ETA-Ni 3 Ti (η-phase) and β-NiAl phase associated with M789 and N709, respectively [47,55]. In contrast, void nucleation and coalescence were reported at the interface of a Corrax-420SS hybrid due to mechanical incompatibilities and decohesion [56].…”

Section: Direct Joiningmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Failure was away from the interface for both as-printed and heat-treated conditions. [47,72] MS1/wrought C300 Fracture at the built AM layer was caused by void expansion. [34] MS1/wrought H13 Fracture at the interface due to chemical and microstructural inhomogeneity.…”

Section: Ms1/h13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, studies by Murr et al [83] and Rafi et al [84] using LPBF demonstrated the potential of AM to produce large quantities of retained austenite ranging up to 75%, as evidenced by the mechanical behaviors of the precipitation-hardening steels studied. Such high quantities of retained austenite are not suitable for die and tool applications [47].…”

Section: Microstructural Characteristics Mechanical Behavior and Prop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials

Nyamuchiwa,

Palad,

Panlican

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an advanced technology that has been primarily driven by the demand for production efficiency, minimized energy consumption, and reduced carbon footprints. This process involves layer-by-layer material deposition based on a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model. Compared to traditional manufacturing methods, AM has enabled the development of complex and topologically functional geometries for various service parts in record time. However, there are limitations to mass production, the building rate, the build size, and the surface quality when using metal additive manufacturing. To overcome these limitations, the combination of additive manufacturing with traditional techniques such as milling and casting holds the potential to provide novel manufacturing solutions, enabling mass production, improved geometrical features, enhanced accuracy, and damage repair through net-shape construction. This amalgamation is commonly referred to as hybrid manufacturing or multi-material additive manufacturing. This review paper aimed to explore the processes and complexities in hybrid materials, joining techniques, with a focus on maraging steels. The discussion is based on existing literature and focuses on three distinct joining methods: direct joining, gradient path joining, and intermediate section joining. Additionally, current challenges for the development of the ideal heat treatment for hybrid metals are discussed, and future prospects of hybrid additive manufacturing are also covered.

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Section: Direct Joiningmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ms1/h13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microstructural Characteristics Mechanical Behavior and Prop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials

Nyamuchiwa,

Palad,

Panlican

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

Self Cite

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“…For example, 18 Ni −250 (X2NiCoMo 18-8-5) and 18 Ni 200 are referred to as Fe Ni alloys [34]. A metal-based printing techniques in additive manufacturing can be classified as Selective Laser Melting, Electron Power Bed Fusion, Direct Energy Deposition and Laser Power Bed Fusion [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Features Of Maraging Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of in-situ process parameters, post heat treatment effects on microstructure and defects of additively manufactured maraging steel by laser powder bed fusion—A comprehensive review

2024

Phys. Scr.

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The laser powder bed fusion LPBF method in additive manufacturing for metals have proven to produce a final product with higher relative density, when compare to other metal additive manufacturing processes like WAAM, DED and it takes less time even for complex designs. Despite the use of many metal-based raw materials in the LPBF method for production of products. Maraging steel (martensitic steel) is used in aeronautical and aircraft applications in view of its advantages including low weight, high strength, long-term corrosion resistance, low cost, availability, and recyclability. A research gap concerns the selection of design, dimension, accuracy, process parameters according to different grades, and unawareness of various maraging steels other than specific maraging steels. In this comprehensive review, the research paper provides information about on LPBF maraging steel grades, their process parameters and defects, microstructure characteristics, heat treatments, and the resulting mechanical characteristics changes. In addition, detailed information about the aging properties, fatigue, residual and future scope of different maraging steel grades in LPBF for various applications are discussed.

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“…There have been several very recent studies of anisotropy from a microstructural point of view. Tian et al [ 19 ] detected no significant texture in LPBF M789 steel, suggesting that anisotropy would be unlikely. On the other hand, Kannan and Nandwana [ 20 ] found that, while martensite was untextured, the retained austenite did exhibit texture, potentially leading to at least some anisotropy in the final product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indentation Plastometry for Study of Anisotropy and Inhomogeneity in Maraging Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Southern¹,

Campbell²,

Kourousis

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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This work concerns the use of profilometry‐based indentation plastometry (PIP) to obtain mechanical property information for maraging steel samples produced via an additive manufacturing route (laser powder bed fusion). Bars are produced in both “horizontal” (all material close to the build plate) and “vertical” (progressively increasing distance from the build plate) configurations. Samples are mechanically tested in both as‐built and age‐hardened conditions. Stress–strain curves from uniaxial testing (tensile and compressive) are compared with those from PIP testing. Tensile test data suggest significant anisotropy, with the horizontal direction harder than the vertical direction. However, systematic compressive tests, allowing curves to be obtained for both build and transverse directions in various locations, indicate that there is no anisotropy anywhere in these materials. This is consistent with electron backscattered diffraction results, indicating that there is no significant texture in these materials. It is also consistent with the outcomes of PIP testing, which can detect anisotropy with high sensitivity. Furthermore, both PIP testing and compression testing results indicate that the changing growth conditions at different distances from the build plate can lead to strength variations. It seems likely that what has previously been interpreted as anisotropy in the tensile response is in fact due to inhomogeneity of this type.

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Laser powder bed fusion of M789 maraging steel on Cr–Mo N709 steel: Microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Recent Progress in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials

Recent Progress in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials

Influence of in-situ process parameters, post heat treatment effects on microstructure and defects of additively manufactured maraging steel by laser powder bed fusion—A comprehensive review

Indentation Plastometry for Study of Anisotropy and Inhomogeneity in Maraging Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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