Laser processes and analytics for high power 3D battery materials

Pfleging, Wilhelm; Zheng, Yijing; Mangang, Melanie; Bruns, Michael; Smyrek, Peter

doi:10.1117/12.2212041

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Table 3. Overview of publications assigned to the category Further Processes with a classification of the contents [7,15,42,49,52,54,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Literature Analysis on Electrolyte Filling and Wetting in Lithium-Ion Battery Production

et al. 2023

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Electrolyte filling and wetting is a quality-critical and cost-intensive process step of battery cell production. Due to the importance of this process, a steadily increasing number of publications is emerging for its different influences and factors. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify common parameters that influence wetting behavior in experimental settings, specifically focusing on material, processes, and experimental measurement methods but excluding simulation studies. We reduced the initially found 544 records systematically to 39 fully labeled articles. Our profound analysis guided by attributed labelings revealed current research gaps such as the lack of a holistic view on measurement methods for filling and wetting, underrepresented studies relevant to series production, as well as the negligence of research targeting the transferability of results from the material to the cell level, while also examining the measured variables’ interactions. After comparatively illustrating and discussing implications of our findings, we also discussed limitations of our contribution and suggested ideas for potential further research topics.

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“…Table 3. Overview of publications assigned to the category Further Processes with a classification of the contents [7,15,42,49,52,54,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Literature Analysis on Electrolyte Filling and Wetting in Lithium-Ion Battery Production

et al. 2023

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“…The calibration data were derived from LIBS and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) as described in [31,33]. Lithium concentration and distribution related to C-rates were systematically investigated in structured and unstructured electrodes [26,[30][31][32][33]37].…”

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium concentration profiles in laser-structured and unstructured electrodes as a function of the C rate in the lithiated and delithiated state provide valuable information about the diffusion kinetic influence of the 3D electrode architecture and are correlated with the electrochemical data, the cell performance, and the aging processes for further structure optimization. For this purpose, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was successfully applied for anodes and cathodes [26,[30][31][32][33]. With LIBS, the binder distribution, which depends on the drying conditions, can also be determined over a large footprint area for ultra-thick film electrodes and used for further optimization of the electrode coating and subsequent drying process [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D electrode architectures for high energy and high power lithium-ion batteries

Pfleging

2022

Energy Harvesting and Storage: Materials, Devices, and Applications XII

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There is worldwide a strong effort to increase energy and power density on battery level for future electric vehicles. In addition, the demand for cost efficient, reliable, and long lifetime lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is continuous increasing. For the development of next-generation LIB a new scientific-technical approach was established by merging the 3D battery concept with high mass-loaded electrodes. The 3D battery concept is realized by laser structuring of electrodes and has a huge impact on high rate capability and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. In frame of process up-scaling, ultrafast laser ablation including roll-to-roll processing was established for thick film electrodes without damaging the active material. Post-mortem studies using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy were carried out to study degradation processes and to illustrate the formation of new lithium diffusion pathways in 3D electrodes. The studies were performed with lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide as cathode and graphite/silicon as anode. Silicon has the benefit to provide one order of magnitude higher gravimetric energy density than the common used graphite. However, a bottleneck of silicon is its huge volume change of 300 % during electrochemical cycling. High mechanical tension may arise, which results in crack formation, continuous formation of solid electrolyte interphase, and subsequent electrode delamination. It was shown that batteries with laser structured electrodes benefit from a homogenous lithiation and delithiation, reduced compressive stress, and overall improved electrochemical properties in comparison to batteries with unstructured electrodes. A new manufacturing tool is presented for next-generation battery production to overcome current limitations in electrode design and cell performance.

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“…Well established is also laser cutting of electrodes instead of using conventional mechanical punching. Hereby, laser cutting using ultrafast lasers delivers the best cutting edge quality [7]. Another approach is using diode lasers for the electrode drying process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser structuring and functionalization of nanoscaled battery materials

Pfleging¹,

Meyer

Rist

et al. 2023

Nanoscale and Quantum Materials: From Synthesis and Laser Processing to Applications 2023

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Possible laser processes in battery manufacturing are quite diverse regarding the control of electrochemical characteristics: LIPSS on current collector surfaces are used to adjust the adhesion of composite electrodes to current collectors, laser surface patterning turns ceramic-coated separator materials into superwicking with regard to electrolyte wetting properties, and laser structuring of composite thick film electrodes is applied to generate 3D electrode architectures with shortened lithium-ion diffusion pathways. In the field of cathode thick film development, secondary particles with nanoscaled primary particles are used and ultrafast laser ablation is applied to pattern the composite electrodes to optimize the lithiumion diffusion kinetics by enlarging the active material surface with a view to reducing cell polarization, which develops at high battery power. This enables high energy batteries to be upgraded for operation at high power. In the field of anode development for electromotive vehicles, efforts are being made to develop silicon anodes in order to significantly increase the energy density. In addition, the issue of fast charging, mainly influenced by the anode architecture, is a major topic in research and industrial development. Silicon nanoparticles are used and combined with graphite particles in a binder matrix. The large volume change as a result of the lithiation of silicon during battery operation requires laser structuring of the composite electrodes in order to counteract mechanical degradation. Analogous to cathode materials, the lithium diffusion kinetics for anodes are also significantly enhanced by the applied 3D battery concept. The impact of laser structuring and modification of battery materials on the electrochemical performance with respect to the nanoscale is of considerable relevance for future applications in battery manufacturing.

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Laser processes and analytics for high power 3D battery materials

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

A Systematic Literature Analysis on Electrolyte Filling and Wetting in Lithium-Ion Battery Production

A Systematic Literature Analysis on Electrolyte Filling and Wetting in Lithium-Ion Battery Production

3D electrode architectures for high energy and high power lithium-ion batteries

Laser structuring and functionalization of nanoscaled battery materials

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