Laser Produced Plasma X-Ray Sources for Nanoscale Resolution Contact Microscopy: A Candidate in Cancerous Stem Cells Imaging

Abstract

Plasma X-ray sources for biological microscopy have been produced by focusing single shots from Nd:glass laser onto carbon rod targets at irradiances between 1 × 10 13 W•cm −2 and 3 × 10 13 W•cm −2 to expose test objects. The optimum parameters needed for obtaining high accurate information on the samples under test namely: the minimum energies and irradiances at a range of angles between the incoming laser beam and the normal to the resist, the depth of exposure of the photoresist as a function of incident laser energy (and irradiance) were concluded in this work.

Plasma Diagnostic Methods: Test Charge Response in Lorentzian Dusty Plasmas

“…The phase soft X-ray (so defined due to their low penetrating power) indicates electromagnetic radiations with a wavelength in range 1Å ≤ λ ≤ 300Å (or, in terms of photon energy hv, 300 eV ≤ hν ≤ 10 keV). Hard X-rays below 1 Å are occasionally produced in plasmas for highly accelerated electrons, like runaway electrons in tokamak plasmas and suprathermal electrons in LPP [3]. The characteristics of soft X-ray spectra like line intensities, line profiles, and continuum intensities can be investigated to determine the electron densities by Stark broadening, while the ion densities from the absolute radiation intensities and ion temperatures using the Doppler broadening of spectral lines [2].…”