Laser remote sensing: present status and future prospects

Measures, Raymond M.

doi:10.1117/12.277600

Cited by 58 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…It is interesting to note that in the Raman spectra of benzene vapors (Fig. 9), recorded from the vapor sample confined in a Pyrex beaker at room temperature and 1 atm at a distance of 10 m from the telescope, we clearly see the symmetric stretching band of the benzene ring at 9929/1 cm (1 , and the symmetric stretching bands of oxygen (15559/1 cm (1 ) and nitrogen (23319/1 cm (1 ) from the air [33] along with a weak and broad band at Â/4489/5 cm (1 from the Pyrex glass of the container. With the fieldportable system (Fig.…”

Section: Spectral Measurements With the Stand-off Pulsed Raman Prototypementioning

confidence: 87%

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Stand-off Raman spectroscopic detection of minerals on planetary surfaces

Sharma

Lucey

Ghosh

et al. 2003

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

193

120

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We have designed and developed two breadboard versions of stand-off Raman spectroscopic systems for landers based on a 5-in. Maksutov Á/Cassegrain telescope and a small (4-in. diameter) Newtonian telescope receiver. These systems are capable of measuring the Raman spectra of minerals located at a distance of 4.5 Á/66 m from the telescope. Both continuous wave (CW) Ar-ion and frequency doubled Nd:YAG (532 nm) pulsed (20 Hz) lasers are used as excitation sources for measuring remote Raman spectra of rocks and minerals. We have also made complementary measurements on the same rock samples with a micro-Raman system in 180 and 1358 geometry for evaluating the system performance and for estimating effect of grain size and laser-induced heating on the spectra of minerals using aquartz as a model mineral. A field portable remote pulsed Raman spectroscopic system based on the 5-in. telescope and an f /2.2 spectrograph has been developed and tested. We have also demonstrated a prototype of a combined Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system, capable of providing major element composition and mineralogical information on both biogenic and inorganic minerals at a distance of 10 m from the receiver. #

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Section: Spectral Measurements With the Stand-off Pulsed Raman Prototypementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Raman lidars based on high power lasers and large telescopes have been used for investigating gaseous species in the atmosphere (e.g. [33,34]). Raman analyses of solid, liquids and gases have been performed at ranges of 500 m using a medium power UV laser with large collecting optics [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand-off Raman spectroscopic detection of minerals on planetary surfaces

Sharma

Lucey

Ghosh

et al. 2003

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

193

120

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“…Assuming averaging over 100 shots, the signal to noise ratio being equal to 3, we estimated that the minimum detectable change in the signal due to absorption could be 7.8%. This result can be used to estimate the minimum detectable concentration of the gas in ppm [1]:…”

Section: Numerical Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An especially sensitive analysis method under troposphere conditions is a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) operating in the middle infrared spectral region. Though there were several attempts to apply this method to the detection of atmospheric pollutants, most of these systems were cumbersome [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of atmospheric trace gases by infrared differential absorption lidar

Vaicikauskas¹

2007

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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A differential absorption lidar system for detection of atmospheric pollutants based on the middle infrared tandem optical parametric oscillator is presented. The characteristics of the signal obtained by detecting radiation backscattered from different topographical objects were measured in the field test of the system. These characteristics were used to calculate the minimum detectable concentration of several atmospheric pollutants: ozone, methane, ammonia, etc. Most of the gases can be detected below typical background concentrations for the low-polluted atmosphere.

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“…Notable application examples where multiple scattering holds an important role include laser imaging through biological tissues [1] , remote sensing in the atmosphere [2] , and the development of laser diagnostics for dense sprays [3] . Fundamentally, the multiple scattering problem requires solving the wave equation in a system of a large number of scatterers, which is extremely difficult [4] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%