Laser Safety: Standards and Guidelines

Pritzker, Rachel; Rohrer, Thomas E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-5322-1_2

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The eye is uniquely susceptible to laser light, and eye injuries represent a majority of reported injuries, which can occur through direct beam, mirror reflection by surgical instruments, and beam reflection off the skin (4%-7% of light that hits the skin is reflected because of the refractive index between air and the stratum corneum). 3 The different wavelengths of lasers affect different parts of the eye. The 3 parts of the eye affected most are the retina, cornea, and lens.…”

Section: Laser Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only is the lens primarily at risk for acute (lenticular burns) and chronic (cataracts) injury from the laser, but secondarily the lens also can concentrate a laser beam onto the retina by a factor of 100,000 (Table 1). 3 The use of ocular protective equipment, sometimes referred to as personal protective eyewear (PPE), is essential and is mandated by ANSI and OSHA for all class 3 and class 4 lasers. The eyewear must be labeled with the wavelength and the degree of optical protection-termed the optical density (OD) or filter factor-of each lens and should match the laser being used.…”

Section: Laser Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The safety of the patient, the laser operator, and the other health care providers involved in the delivery of laser therapy led to the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for laser use in 1984. 3 There are 4 regulatory organizations for laser safety in the United States: the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and The Joint Commission. The American National Standards Institute is a nonprofit group composed of laser manufacturers, government agencies, professional societies, educational institutions, and consumer and labor groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, the American Academy of Dermatology, and the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery are professional organizations involved in laser operational safety training. 3 is applied to biological tissues. The effects of the laser are a function of the target tissue (the chromophore) and the wavelength of light being used.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Tattoos are considered exogenous chromophores. 3 The basic principles of lasers are important to understand and keep in mind when discussing laser safety, as they are the mechanisms through which unintended consequences can occur.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Laser Safety: The Need for Protocols

Daggett¹,

Daggett²,

McBurney³

et al. 2020

Cutis

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Lasers are being used in ever-expanding roles in dermatology. As our understanding of laser energy grew, the need for safety guidelines became apparent. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published the first safety guidelines in 1984, which are updated on a regular basis. However, these are just guidelines, and their implementation is voluntary by the laser practitioner. In this article, we discuss the 4 regulatory entities for laser safety in the United States, laser principles in general, ocular hazards, laser-generated airborne contaminants (LGACs), fires, and unintended laser beam injuries. We also review the use of checklists in reducing adverse outcomes and the need for safety protocols for laser practitioners. We provide a modifiable checklist, which pertains specifically to lasers and can be customized to meet the needs of the individual laser practitioner. Cutis. 2020;106:87-92. Laser Principles The basic principles of lasers include transmission, absorption, scatter, and reflection, all occurring when laser light

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Section: Laser Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Safety: The Need for Protocols

Daggett¹,

Daggett²,

McBurney³

et al. 2020

Cutis

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Nanoporous Submicron Gold Particles Enable Nanoparticle‐Based Localization Optoacoustic Tomography (nanoLOT)

Nozdriukhin,

Cattaneo,

Klingler

et al. 2024

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Localization optoacoustic tomography (LOT) has recently emerged as a transformative super‐resolution technique breaking through the acoustic diffraction limit in deep‐tissue optoacoustic (OA) imaging via individual localization and tracking of particles in the bloodstream. However, strong light absorption in red blood cells has previously restricted per‐particle OA detection to relatively large microparticles, ≈5 µm in diameter. Herein, it is demonstrated that submicron‐sized porous gold nanoparticles, ≈600 nm in diameter, can be individually detected for noninvasive super‐resolution imaging with LOT. Ultra‐high‐speed bright‐field microscopy revealed that these nanoparticles generate microscopic plasmonic vapor bubbles, significantly enhancing opto‐acoustic energy conversion through a nano‐to‐micro size transformation. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo tests further demonstrated the biocompatibility and biosafety of the particles. By reducing the detectable particle size by an order of magnitude, nanoLOT enables microangiographic imaging with a significantly reduced risk of embolisms from particle aggregation and opens new avenues to visualize how nanoparticles reach vascular and potentially extravascular targets. The performance of nanoLOT for non‐invasive imaging of microvascular networks in the murine brain anticipates new insights into neurovascular coupling mechanisms and longitudinal microcirculatory changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

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