“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] In recent years, numerous research attempts have focused on transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) because of their excellent metallic electrical conductivity with high transmittance in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum or light. As a result, TCOs such as In 2 O 3 , ZnO, SnO 2 , MoO 3 , and WO 3 currently play important roles in flat-panel displays, 1,2 touch panels, 11 energy-harvesting-device windows, 1,8 and light-emitting diodes. As a result, TCOs such as In 2 O 3 , ZnO, SnO 2 , MoO 3 , and WO 3 currently play important roles in flat-panel displays, 1,2 touch panels, 11 energy-harvesting-device windows, 1,8 and light-emitting diodes.…”