Laser Sounder for Active Remote Sensing Measurements of CO2 Concentrations

Allan, Graham; Riris, Haris; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli; Wilson, E. L.; Burris, J.; Krainak, Michael A.

doi:10.1109/aero.2008.4526387

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Our airborne lidar [21][22][23][24] was developed to demonstrate a dual-channel pulsed IPDA approach as a candidate for the ASCENDS mission, and a description of its configuration and its performance during flights in 2009 has been recently summarized [25]. The approach uses two tunable pulsed laser transmitters allowing simultaneous measurement of the absorption from a CO 2 absorption line in the 1,570 nm band, O 2 extinction in the oxygen A-band, and surface height and atmospheric backscatter in the same path.…”

Section: Co 2 Line Choice and Lidar Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentration and Range Using a Pulsed Direct-Detection IPDA Lidar

et al. 2013

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Abstract:We have previously demonstrated a pulsed direct detection IPDA lidar to measure range and the column concentration of atmospheric CO 2 . The lidar measures the atmospheric backscatter profiles and samples the shape of the 1,572.33 nm CO 2 absorption line. We participated in the ASCENDS science flights on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during August 2011 and report here lidar measurements made on four flights over a variety of surface and cloud conditions near the US. These included over a stratus cloud deck over the Pacific Ocean, to a dry lake bed surrounded by mountains in Nevada, to a desert area with a coal-fired power plant, and from the Rocky Mountains to Iowa, with segments with both cumulus and cirrus clouds. Most flights were to altitudes >12 km and had 5-6 altitude steps. Analyses show the retrievals of lidar range, CO 2 column absorption, and CO 2 mixing ratio worked well when measuring over topography with rapidly changing height and reflectivity, through thin clouds, between cumulus clouds, and to stratus cloud tops. The retrievals shows the decrease in column CO 2 due to growing vegetation when flying over Iowa cropland as well as a sudden increase in CO 2 concentration near a coal-fired power plant. For regions where the CO 2 concentration was relatively constant, the measured CO 2 absorption lineshape (averaged for 50 s) matched the predicted shapes to better than 1% OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2014, 6 444 RMS error. For 10 s averaging, the scatter in the retrievals was typically 2-3 ppm and was limited by the received signal photon count. Retrievals were made using atmospheric parameters from both an atmospheric model and from in situ temperature and pressure from the aircraft. The retrievals had no free parameters and did not use empirical adjustments, and >70% of the measurements passed screening and were used in analysis. The differences between the lidar-measured retrievals and in situ measured average CO 2 column concentrations were <1.4 ppm for flight measurement altitudes >6 km.

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Section: Co 2 Line Choice and Lidar Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentration and Range Using a Pulsed Direct-Detection IPDA Lidar

et al. 2013

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“…Given that P 0 (λ on ,R)¼ P 0 (λ off ,R), the average target trace gas concentration at a range R with depth ΔR¼ R top −R bottom can be described as shown by Eq. (2). For simplicity, the minuend in Eq.…”

Section: Problems Of Current Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Concentration of CO 2 has increased from approximately 280 to 380 ppm in the past century. In comparison to passive remote sensing techniques, such as the orbiting carbon observatory (OCO) and the greenhouse gases observing satellite (GOSAT), the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) has many advantages, including daytime coverage, availability of all latitudes, less interference by clouds and aerosol scattering, and precise column height determination [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-points scanning method for wavelength locking in CO2 differential absorption lidar

Gong

Han

et al. 2013

Optics Communications

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“…Our technique uses the 16-channels as a photon-number-resolving "single" detector to provide the required full-spectroscopic sodium lineshape waveform for recovering Mesospheric temperature profiles. We have direct experience using photon-counting receivers for recovering high signal-to-noise ratio single line spectroscopic profiles from our ground 15 and airborne 16 pre-ASCENDS mission efforts. Under the proposed effort we will conduct trade studies with the commercial 40% quantum-efficiency Hamamatsu linear-mode hybrid photomultiplier and new multi-channel silicon avalanche photodiodes similar to those space-qualified by us 17 on the ICESat-1/GLAS mission.…”

Section: Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Raman Nd:YVO₄laser and electro-optic technology for space-based sodium lidar instrument

Krainak

Janches

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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We are developing a laser and electro-optic technology to remotely measure Sodium (Na) by adapting existing lidar technology with space flight heritage. The developed instrumentation will serve as the core for the planning of an Heliophysics mission targeted to study the composition and dynamics of Earth's mesosphere based on a spaceborne lidar that will measure the mesospheric Na layer. We present performance results from our diode-pumped tunable Q-switched self-Raman c-cut Nd:YVO4 laser with intra-cavity frequency doubling that produces multi-watt 589 nm wavelength output. The c-cut Nd:YVO4 laser has a fundamental wavelength that is tunable from 1063-1067 nm. A CW External Cavity diode laser is used as a injection seeder to provide single-frequency grating tunable output around 1066 nm. The injection-seeded self-Raman shifted Nd:VO4 laser is tuned across the sodium vapor D2 line at 589 nm. We will review technologies that provide strong leverage for the sodium lidar laser system with strong heritage from the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS). These include a space-qualified frequency-doubled 9W @ 532 nm wavelength Nd:YVO4 laser, a tandem interference filter temperature-stabilized fused-silica-etalon receiver and high-bandwidth photon-counting detectors. EARTH MESOSPHERIC SCIENCEIn recent years, remote-sensing satellites have obtained the first global characterization of the basic structure of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region in terms of large-scale temperature and wind climatologies, resulting in a much richer picture of the structure and variability of the mesosphere. Although these measurements have shown the high temporal variability of both the zonal mean state as well as large scale organized perturbations, such as planetary waves and atmospheric tides, they failed at providing information required for the fundamental characterization of how the basic state is established and maintained.Layers of neutral metal atoms, such as Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na), which peak between 85 and 95 km and are ~20 km in width, are produced by the daily ablation of billions of Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs). As these metallic species are ionized during ablation, by sunlight's ultraviolet photons, or by charge exchange with existing atmospheric ions, meteoroids affect the structure, chemistry, dynamics, and energetics of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT). The strong optical signals that some of these metal layers produce, in particular the Na layer, provides information on the composition, temperature and winds of the MLT making them an optimal tracer of atmospheric dynamics and circulation and potentially enabling the measurement of quantities that are critical to address several compelling scientific questions related to the Earth's Upper Atmosphere and the Geospace Environment. Specifically, we know that Gravity waves (GWs) having wavelengths smaller than a few hundred km are th...

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Laser Sounder for Active Remote Sensing Measurements of CO2 Concentrations

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentration and Range Using a Pulsed Direct-Detection IPDA Lidar

Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentration and Range Using a Pulsed Direct-Detection IPDA Lidar

Multi-points scanning method for wavelength locking in CO2 differential absorption lidar

Self-Raman Nd:YVO₄laser and electro-optic technology for space-based sodium lidar instrument

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Laser Sounder for Active Remote Sensing Measurements of CO2 Concentrations

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentration and Range Using a Pulsed Direct-Detection IPDA Lidar

Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentration and Range Using a Pulsed Direct-Detection IPDA Lidar

Multi-points scanning method for wavelength locking in CO2 differential absorption lidar

Self-Raman Nd:YVO4laser and electro-optic technology for space-based sodium lidar instrument

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Self-Raman Nd:YVO₄laser and electro-optic technology for space-based sodium lidar instrument