Laser stimulation of the skin for quantitative study of decision-making and motivation

Pai, Julia; Ogasawara, Takaya; Bromberg-Martin, Ethan S.; Ogasawara, Kei; Gereau, Robert W.; Monosov, Ilya E.

doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100296

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…A mesolimbic system comprising the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been suggested to be involved in creating the pain experience [ 30 , 51 ], the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are thought to be involved in regulating the level of pain experienced [ 52 ] and the informational value of pain states [ 53 ]. The network involved in experiencing and modulating pain shows strong overlap with neural networks for processing reward, which involves a large number of cortical and subcortical regions [ 26 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 51 , 52 ]. Within some regions, such as the amygdala and ventral striatum (VS), pleasure and pain hotspots have been found to exist in close proximity [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, pain is perceived as a noxious and highly biologically relevant experience across species. Pain has been shown to interact with cognitive processes, and directly impact decision-making and preference formation in humans and monkeys [ 34 , 36 ]. With thermal (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 40 , 42 ]) and laser (e.g. [ 36 ]) stimulation methods becoming more practical and widely available, it is now possible to examine how the desire to avoid (or terminate) a noxious experience affects decisions and information-seeking (e.g. [ 33 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the ventral striatum, which is involved in subjective pain perception, is also a key area of the reward circuit [ 35 ], and the orbitofrontal cortex contributes to integrating the value of rewards and punishments for decision-making (e.g. [ 36 ]). Dopamine neurons in the midbrain of monkeys that code for rewards also transmit signals related to non-rewarding, aversive experiences, if these have high saliency [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When knowledge hurts: humans are willing to receive pain for obtaining non-instrumental information

et al. 2023

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Humans and other animals value information that reduces uncertainty or leads to pleasurable anticipation, even if it cannot be used to gain tangible rewards or change outcomes. In exchange, they are willing to incur significant costs, sacrifice rewards or invest effort. We investigated whether human participants were also willing to endure pain—a highly salient and aversive cost—to obtain such information. Forty participants performed a computer-based task. On each trial, they observed a coin flip, with each side associated with different monetary rewards of varying magnitude. Participants could choose to endure a painful stimulus (low, moderate or high pain) to learn the outcome of the coin flip immediately. Importantly, regardless of their choice, winnings were always earned, rendering this information non-instrumental. Results showed that agents were willing to endure pain in exchange for information, with a lower likelihood of doing so as pain levels increased. Both higher average rewards and a larger variance between the two possible rewards independently increased the willingness to accept pain. Our results show that the intrinsic value of escaping uncertainty through non-instrumental information is sufficient to offset pain experiences, suggesting a shared mechanism through which these can be directly compared.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When knowledge hurts: humans are willing to receive pain for obtaining non-instrumental information

et al. 2023

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“…Di dalam CVT terdapat dua pulley, yaitu drive pully dan driven pully yang terhubung dengan v-belt [13], [14], [15].…”

Section: Disain Cvtunclassified

Desain dan Analisis Penerapan CVT (Continously Variable transmition) Pada Mekanik Mesin Cuci Aktivator Kapasitas Maksimal 7kg

Haris

Zaenudin

Darmawan

et al. 2023

J. Rekayasa Teknol. Nusa Putra

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Mencuci pakaian merupakan kegiatan penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, namun membutuhkan waktu, tenaga dan uang. Saat ini sudah banyak mesin cuci yang diproduksi produknya di pasaran dengan jenis satu tabung dan dua tabung yang menggunakan energi listrik dan modul digital sebagai alat operasinya. Pada penelitian ini dirancang penerapan CVT (Continuously Variable Transmition) pada Mesin Cuci Penggerak Mekanis yang memanfaatkan tenaga manusia sebagai sumber daya sehingga dapat mengurangi penggunaan energi listrik dan dapat menghemat biaya selain itu juga dapat menjadi sarana olahraga. Putaran tabung mesin cuci dihasilkan dari langkah pedal, yang dilewatkan dari sproket atau cincin rantai ke CVT yang kemudian menuju ke gigi pinion sebagai mengubah posisi rotasi CVT aksial menjadi radial untuk memutar tabung cuci

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Somatosensory stimulation in moving mice

Parkes,

Schorscher-Petcu,

Gan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Somatosensation connects animals to their immediate environment, shaping critical behaviours essential for adaptation, learning, and survival. The investigation of somatosensation in mice presents significant challenges, primarily due to the practical difficulties of delivering somatosensory stimulation to their skin as they are in motion. To address this problem, we have developed a method for precise delivery of somatosensory stimuli in mice as they are moving through environments. The approach employs real-time keypoint tracking and targeted optical stimulation, offering precision while preserving the naturalistic context of the behaviours studied to overcome the traditional trade-offs between experimental control and natural behaviour. We demonstrate the method across nociceptive testing to unrestrained behaviour in different environments. We observed that minimal nociceptive inputs can evoke rapid behaviours and these modify movements when stimuli are applied during motion. This method provides a way to explore the diverse roles of somatosensation, from reflexes to decision-making, in naturalistic settings.

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Laser stimulation of the skin for quantitative study of decision-making and motivation

Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

When knowledge hurts: humans are willing to receive pain for obtaining non-instrumental information

When knowledge hurts: humans are willing to receive pain for obtaining non-instrumental information

Desain dan Analisis Penerapan CVT (Continously Variable transmition) Pada Mekanik Mesin Cuci Aktivator Kapasitas Maksimal 7kg

Somatosensory stimulation in moving mice

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