Laser surface melting: A suitable technique to repair damaged surfaces made in 14 Ni (200 grade) maraging steel

Cabeza, M.; Castro, G.; Merino, P.; Peña, G.; Castro‐Román, M.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.09.039

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The almost complete lack of interstitial alloying elements leads to a good weldability of this class of alloys [7]. This, in turn, makes them amenable to metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes, in particular Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Since these processes involve a small melt pool generated by a laser beam for the consolidation of powder feedstock to a dense material, they share similarities with micro-welding processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Maraging Steel Micro- and Nanostructure Produced Conventionally and by Laser Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2016

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Maraging steels are used to produce tools by Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods such as Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Although it is well established that dense parts can be produced by AM, the influence of the AM process on the microstructure-in particular the content of retained and reversed austenite as well as the nanostructure, especially the precipitate density and chemistry, are not yet explored. Here, we study these features using microhardness measurements, Optical Microscopy, Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Atom Probe Tomography (APT) in the as-produced state and during ageing heat treatment. We find that due to microsegregation, retained austenite exists in the as-LMD-and as-SLM-produced states but not in the conventionally-produced material. The hardness in the as-LMD-produced state is higher than in the conventionally and SLM-produced materials, however, not in the uppermost layers. By APT, it is confirmed that this is due to early stages of precipitation induced by the cyclic re-heating upon further deposition-i.e., the intrinsic heat treatment associated with LMD. In the peak-aged state, which is reached after a similar time in all materials, the hardness of SLM-and LMD-produced material is slightly lower than in conventionally-produced material due to the presence of retained austenite and reversed austenite formed during ageing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Maraging Steel Micro- and Nanostructure Produced Conventionally and by Laser Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2016

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“…In this material, hardening takes place after ageing, which makes this material amendable to LAM synthesis owing to the repeated heat exposure during sequential layer synthesis. The synthesis of maraging steels via LAM is well established . It was observed that the as‐deposited material is often in solid solution state.…”

Section: Materials Synthesis Processing and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Alloy Design by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Knoll

Ocylok

Weisheit

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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The authors uses laser additive manufacturing (LAM) as a combinatorial method for synthesizing microstructurally and compositionally piecewise graded bulk alloys. Authors fabricate blocks consisting of a sequence of %500 mm thick tool steel layers, each with different chemical composition, by laser metal deposition where alloy powders are deposited layer-wise on a substrate. The reference materials are a Cr-Mo-V hot working tool steel and a Ni-based maraging steel. The layers between them consist of corresponding blends of the two materials with varying composition from layer to layer (alloy volume fractions 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80). The bulk alloy is hot rolled and heat treated. Subsequently each layer is characterized for microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties using electron back scatter diffraction, tensile testing, and indentation. The approach is an efficient high-throughput method enabling rapid probing of novel compositional alloy blends. It can be applied for finding new alloys both, by LAM and for LAM. For the tool steel blends synthesized here, authors observe that the Cr-Mo-V tool steel, when mixed with the Ni-base maraging steel, can be continuously tuned for a strength-ductility profile in the range of 800-1650 MPa strength and 15-25% tensile elongation.

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“…Accord ing to Cabeza et al (2012), the morphology at the surface can be characterized as solidified melted zone combining fine grain appearance and waves in the radial direction. Janssen (2012) introduced the possible benefits of such microstructures manufactured by laser ablation on highly stressed parts.…”

Section: Laser-based Cutting Tool Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Solid-State Laser Parameters on the Surface’s Topography Formation During Texturization of Hard Metal Cutting Tools

Teixeira

Reis

Janßen

2015

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of specific laser system parameters on the microstructure of the ring formation process on the hard metal tool's surface. The parameters analyzed were: working distance, incident beam power and tool surface treatment, flank and rake. The microstructures were analyzed with regard to its diameter and depth by an optical 3-D surface metrology instrument. The analyses were made by comparing the ring's process formation with the dimples' process formation, a well-known process called ablation. The results show that the ring's diameter is increased by increasing incident beam power or the distance of the laser beam's focus for both surfaces. In addition, increasing the working distance decreases the ring's depth for both surfaces.

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Laser surface melting: A suitable technique to repair damaged surfaces made in 14 Ni (200 grade) maraging steel

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Comparison of Maraging Steel Micro- and Nanostructure Produced Conventionally and by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Comparison of Maraging Steel Micro- and Nanostructure Produced Conventionally and by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Combinatorial Alloy Design by Laser Additive Manufacturing

Effect of Solid-State Laser Parameters on the Surface’s Topography Formation During Texturization of Hard Metal Cutting Tools

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