Laser therapy on darker ethnic skin

Battle, Eliot F.; Hobbs, Lori

doi:10.1016/s0733-8635(03)00086-x

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This phenomenon decreases the efficacy of the treatment, resulting in a worse clinical result. Concurrently, when the energy absorbed by epidermal melanin is converted into heat, it can cause nonspecific thermal damage, such as bubbles, scars, atrophy, texture change, and permanent dyschromia …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and management of Asian skin

et al. 2018

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Color differences in skin are due to the amount and distribution of epidermal melanin. The number of melanocytes is almost the same in all skin types, but higher phototypes exhibit more melanocytes, which produce more melanin and melanosomes that are individually distributed throughout the keratinocyte layers. This characteristic ensures a natural, significant photoprotection in darker skins. Asians are a population with various skin phototypes, ranging from type III to IV Fitzpatrick's classification in Chinese and Japanese to type IV and V in Indian and Pakistani people. Asian skin tends to present postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, lentigines and freckles, nevus of Ota, and Hori nevus. The main skin diseases reported in Asians are acne, atopic dermatitis, and viral infections. Wrinkles and skin thickness, early signs of aging in Caucasians, are less evident in Asian skin. However, pigmentary changes occur earlier. Additionally, this ethnic population is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study is to show the importance of studying the characteristics of Asian skin for the better management of skin diseases in this population, which are being increasingly observed in doctor's offices. Based on a broad review of the medical literature, we report the characteristics of Asian skin, as well as some dyschromias and common skin disorders in this ethnic group. The objective of the article is to study the characteristics of Asian skin and differences in relation to other ethnic groups to achieve improved clinical and cosmetic management of diseases and other skin disorders. This article will discuss the concept of beauty in different ethnic groups, treatments with lasers and other light sources, and cosmiatric treatments in Asian skin. An extensive review of the literature was performed using the databases Scielo and Bireme, from Medline and Lilacs sources, over the last 50 years. The keywords used were as follows: Asian skin, ethnic skin, melanin. Due to the peculiarities of each ethnic group, this article demonstrates the importance of studying the characteristics of Asian skin to elucidate improved cosmiatric approaches for these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and management of Asian skin

et al. 2018

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“…Light penetration through darker-pigmented skin is reduced due to the absorption of photons by melanin. 26 If the rate of photoabsorption by the skin exceeds the capacity of the tissue to dissipate the light energy, the energy will be converted to heat and may cause thermal discomfort. Practical guidelines recommend that when treating darker-pigmented individuals, the risk of tissue heating can be minimized while maintaining the same treatment dose by reducing the average output power or energy density of the beam and increasing the treatment time.…”

Section: Beam Characteristics and Tissue Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Phototherapy Enhance Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function and Postexercise Recovery? A Systematic Review

Borsa

Larkin

True

2013

Journal of Athletic Training

109

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Context Recently, researchers have shown that phototherapy administered to skeletal muscle immediately before resistance exercise can enhance contractile function, prevent exercise-induced cell damage, and improve postexercise recovery of strength and function. Objective To critically evaluate original research addressing the ability of phototherapeutic devices, such as lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), to enhance skeletal muscle contractile function, reduce exercise-induced muscle fatigue, and facilitate postexercise recovery. Data Sources We searched the electronic databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and Rehabilitation & Physical Medicine without date limitations for the following key words: laser therapy, phototherapy, fatigue, exercise, circulation, microcirculation, and photobiomodulation. Study Selection Eligible studies had to be original research published in English as full papers, involve human participants, and receive a minimum score of 7 out of 10 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Data Extraction Data of interest included elapsed time to fatigue, total number of repetitions to fatigue, total work performed, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (strength), electromyographic activity, and postexercise biomarker levels. We recorded the PEDro scores, beam characteristics, and treatment variables and calculated the therapeutic outcomes and effect sizes for the data sets. Data Synthesis In total, 12 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. However, we excluded data from 2 studies, leaving 32 data sets from 10 studies. Twenty-four of the 32 data sets contained differences between active phototherapy and sham (placebo-control) treatment conditions for the various outcome measures. Exposing skeletal muscle to single-diode and multidiode laser or multidiode LED therapy was shown to positively affect physical performance by delaying the onset of fatigue, reducing the fatigue response, improving postexercise recovery, and protecting cells from exercise-induced damage. Conclusions Phototherapy administered before resistance exercise consistently has been found to provide ergogenic and prophylactic benefits to skeletal muscle.

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“…The shear stress generated at the surface of the cavitation bubble as it expands may cause tissue damage. Therefore, reducing the laser fluence is important for two reasons: first, for the prevention of bubble formation, and second, for the minimization of collateral damage to the epidermis (22).…”

Section: Dyspigmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce thermal injury to the epidermis, Battle and Hobbs point out the importance of combining laser treatment with cooling devices (e.g. cryogen spray, cold air or ice-packs) (22).…”

Section: Dyspigmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%