Laser ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of sub-millimeter-level crack growth in the rail foot weld

Ren, Guanpin; Sun, Zhongrui; Dai, Xinyi; Zhang, Xiaoqin; Chen, Xiaofeng; Yan, Min; Liu, Shuang

doi:10.1364/ao.463264

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To simulate the propagation process of ultrasound inside the nickel-based superalloy bolt, numerical calculation was carried out thoroughly with the well-known finite element method that is reported elsewhere [23,24]. The expression of the analytical function of the electrically excited bolt is [25]:…”

Section: Theoretical Model and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simulate the propagation process of ultrasound inside the nickel-based superalloy bolt, numerical calculation was carried out thoroughly with the well-known finite element method that is reported elsewhere [ 23 , 24 ]. The expression of the analytical function of the electrically excited bolt is [ 25 ]:

where V 0 is the excitation voltage, A is the amplitude, gp 1( t ) is the Gaussian pulse, and the function expression of the Gaussian pulse is [ 26 ]:

where A is the amplitude, and T 0 is the period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt

Liu

Sun

Ren

et al. 2022

Sensors

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A high-frequency, piezoelectric thin-film sensor was successfully deposited on a nickel-based superalloy bolt by radio frequency magnetron sputtering to develop a smart, nickel-based superalloy bolt. Ultrasonic response characterization, high accuracy, and repeatability of ultrasonic measurement of axial preload in nickel-based superalloy smart bolts are reported here and were fully demonstrated. The axial preload in the nickel-based superalloy smart bolt was directly measured by the bi-wave method (TOF ratio between transverse and longitudinal-mode waves) without using the traditional integration of a longitudinal and shear transducer. A model concerning the bolt before and after tensioning was established to demonstrate the propagation and displacement distribution of the ultrasonic waves inside a nickel-based superalloy smart bolt. The measured A-scan signal presented significantly favorable features including a mixture of transverse and longitudinal mode waves, a pure and broad frequency spectrum which peaked at 17.14 MHz, and high measurement accuracy below 3% for tension of 4 kN–20 kN. For the temporal ultrasonic signal, the measurement envelopes were narrower than for the counterpart of the simulation, justifying the ‘filtration’ advantage of the high-frequency sensor. Both the TOF change of the single longitudinal-mode wave and the TOF ratio between transverse- and longitudinal-mode waves increased linearly with preload force in the range of 0 kN to 20 kN. Compared with the commercial piezoelectric probe, the proposed probe, based on the combination of a high-frequency, piezoelectric thin-film sensor and a magnetically mounted transducer connector, exhibited high tolerance to temperatures as high as 320 °C and high repeatability free from some interference factors such as bolt detection position change and couplant layer thickness. The results indicate that this system is a promising axial preload measurement system for high-temperature fasteners and connectors, and the proposed sensor is a practical, high-frequency ultrasonic sensor for non-destructive testing.

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Section: Theoretical Model and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simulate the propagation process of ultrasound inside the nickel-based superalloy bolt, numerical calculation was carried out thoroughly with the well-known finite element method that is reported elsewhere [ 23 , 24 ]. The expression of the analytical function of the electrically excited bolt is [ 25 ]:

where V 0 is the excitation voltage, A is the amplitude, gp 1( t ) is the Gaussian pulse, and the function expression of the Gaussian pulse is [ 26 ]:

where A is the amplitude, and T 0 is the period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt

Liu

Sun

Ren

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…where r 0 is the laser spot radius, and t 0 is the laser pulse width. The finite element method [29,30] is used to simulate the propagation process of laser ultrasound inside the bolt. Figure 5 shows the displacement distribution of the ultrasonic wave from 4 µs to 8 µs.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Measurement Of the Bolt 31 Theoretical Model And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound

Ren

Zhan²,

Liu

et al. 2022

Sensors

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We report here on a laser ultrasonic system to indirectly evaluate the preload force of different-frequency piezoelectric bolts. This newly developed system enables us to achieve the goal of non-contact excitation and synchronously collects the laser-induced ultrasonic signal by the combination of a smart piezoelectric sensor and a magnetically mounted transducer connector. A numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed to simulate the propagation and displacement distribution of laser-generated ultrasonic waves along the axial direction. The measured A-scan waveform basically coincided with the counterpart obtained from a theoretical simulation, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed system to measure a bolt. By comparison, a laser spot diameter of 6 mm was the optimal beam diameter for the excitation of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt. The linear relationship between time of flight (TOF) of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and bolt torque was almost independent from the center frequency of the smart bolt. By contrast, a piezoelectric patch centered at 5 MHz was more suitable as an ultrasonic sensor in terms of the nonlinear effects component suppression and linear fitting degree between TOF and torque. The results indicate that the proposed system based on a surface-mounted piezoelectric sensor is a promising system for evaluating the axial preload change of connector and fastener and is an additional potential laser ultrasonic system for nondestructive tests.

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“…As a result, more attention has been given to nondestructive testing * Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. methods that have the advantages of fast detection, high accuracy and no damage to object [4,5]. Laser ultrasonic (LU), a contactless, couplant-free, high spatial resolution and nondestructive detection method, has emerged as a novel development direction in recent years, with enormous potential in the detection of surface defects in mechanical components [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface defect identification based on broadband laser-generated Rayleigh wave with wavenumber filtering

Liu,

He,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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As a non-contact, couplant-free and nondestructive technique, the laser ultrasonic technology has great potential for detecting surface defects. However, the conventional approach of surface defect imaging is dependent on a single sensitive frequency and susceptible to the interference from boundary reflected wave. To this end, we propose a surface defect identification method based on the frequency-wavenumber analysis of broadband Rayleigh wave in an area scanning mode. Firstly, a particular low-pass filter is constructed in frequency-wavenumber domain to extract the scattered wave generated by the defects, and then a surface defect image can be reconstructed based on the broadband scattered wave wavenumber. Secondly, a threshold denoising method is employed to enhance the sharpness of imaging from scanning noise floor. Thirdly, the experimental validation is carried out, in which a laser ultrasonic detection system is used to detect the surface defects of aluminum alloy specimens and identify their different parameters. The experimental results verify that the proposed method can identify the location, size and orientation of surface defects effectively, meanwhile, its imaging effect shows significantly superior to that of the reflected wave energy and standing wave energy methods. Furthermore, the correlation between maximum imaging index value and the depth of defects is found, which can characterize the severity of the surface defects.

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Laser ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of sub-millimeter-level crack growth in the rail foot weld

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt

Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Preload in High-Frequency Nickel-Based Superalloy Smart Bolt

Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound

Surface defect identification based on broadband laser-generated Rayleigh wave with wavenumber filtering

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