Laser writing of 3D waveguides up to long-wave infrared: sensing and high refractive index contrast challenges

Lapointe, Jérôme; Dupont, Albert; Pouliot, Samuel; Guerineau, Théo; Lafreniere-Greig, Jonathan; Messaddeq, Younès; Vallée, Réal

doi:10.1117/12.2611532

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The inset images are the cross-sectional view of typical waveguides written using these two scanning geometries, respectively. Using these two scanning geometries, we only obtained high propagation losses (> 2 dB/cm) in BIG, which are similar to the losses typically obtained in other materials with the same writing schemes [24,25,[28][29][30][31]. Moreover, additional coupling losses were unavoidable because the waveguide length could not extend up to the slab facets by several tens of microns due to surface ablation issues.…”

Section: Magnetless Faraday Rotator Waveguide Fabricationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…2c) and helical writing of curved lines (see Fig. 2d) [24][25][26][27][28]. The inset images are the cross-sectional view of typical waveguides written using these two scanning geometries, respectively.…”

Section: Magnetless Faraday Rotator Waveguide Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, as a crystalline material, BIG readily undergoes a negative Δn upon femtosecond pulse irradiation. The so-called depressed cladding waveguide (DCW) approach was thus naturally used to inscribe waveguides in this material [24][25][26][27]. As a result of the DCW writing process, the waveguide core consists of the pristine BIG material (Fig.…”

Section: Magnetless Faraday Rotator Waveguide Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Integrated Magnetless Passive Broadband Faraday Isolator

Lapointe

Coia

Vallée

2023

Preprint

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Optical isolation based on a non-reciprocal effect is crucial for proper operation of several high-performance photonic devices such as LiDAR and quantum platforms. The magneto-optical Faraday rotation is the most commonly used non-reciprocal effect as it offers unique advantages, including broadband operation, wide input optical power range, low insertion losses and high optical isolation, but it is currently not conducive to miniaturization. Two major impediments hinder the direct integration of Faraday isolators into photonic integrated circuits (PICs): the need for bulky external magnets, and the challenging fabrication of low-loss waveguides that would eliminate the need for free-space coupling optics. We have addressed both challenges using a first-of-its-kind femtosecond laser writing technique to create waveguides within the bulk of latched bismuth-doped iron garnet (BIG) slabs without altering its magneto-optic functionality. As a result, we have achieved a magnetless Faraday rotator waveguide exhibiting <0.15 dB insertion loss with a record high figure of merit of 346° dB-1. By interposing this Faraday rotator between two 30 μm-thick polarizers, we further demonstrate an integrated magnetless optical isolator with >25 dB isolation ratio and <1.5 dB insertion loss over the entire optical telecom C-band.

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Section: Magnetless Faraday Rotator Waveguide Fabricationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Magnetless Faraday Rotator Waveguide Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetless Faraday Rotator Waveguide Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Integrated Magnetless Passive Broadband Faraday Isolator

Lapointe

Coia

Vallée

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…This optical contact method was adopted in the work presented in this article. Laser writing of skimming waveguides for sensing applications, which promises a high capacity for compact integration and unparalleled robustness, has raised great interest recently [23][24][25]. For a review on the subject, see Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Evanescent Wave Coupling of Near-Surface Waveguides with Plasmonic Nanoparticles

Lapointe

Grégoire

Bérubé

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Evanescent field excitation is a powerful means to achieve a high surface-to-bulk signal ratio for bioimaging and sensing applications. However, standard evanescent wave techniques such as TIRF and SNOM require complex microscopy setups. Additionally, the precise positioning of the source relative to the analytes of interest is required, as the evanescent wave is critically distance-dependent. In this work, we present a detailed investigation of evanescent field excitation of near-surface waveguides written using femtosecond laser in glass. We studied the waveguide-to-surface distance and refractive index change to attain a high coupling efficiency between evanescent waves and organic fluorophores. First, our study demonstrated a reduction in sensing efficiency for waveguides written at their minimum distance to the surface without ablation as the refractive index contrast of the waveguide increased. While this result was anticipated, it had not been previously demonstrated in the literature. Moreover, we found that fluorescence excitation by waveguides can be enhanced using plasmonic silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were also organized in linear assemblies, perpendicular to the waveguide, with a wrinkled PDMS stamp technique, which resulted in an excitation enhancement of over 20 times compared to the setup without nanoparticles.

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Laser writing of 3D waveguides up to long-wave infrared: sensing and high refractive index contrast challenges

Cited by 2 publications

References 50 publications

Integrated Magnetless Passive Broadband Faraday Isolator

Integrated Magnetless Passive Broadband Faraday Isolator

Enhancing Evanescent Wave Coupling of Near-Surface Waveguides with Plasmonic Nanoparticles

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