Lasers incorporating 2D photonic bandgap mirrors

Photonic crystals in the optical regime — past, present and future

“…Chemically assisted ion-beam etching (CAIBE) is arguably the most suitable dry etching technique available, with aspect ratios '20 : 1 achieved [41] (120 nm holes etched &2.5 m deep). In CAIBE, a collimated high-energy beam impinges on the sample, which results in better directionality and much reduced RIE lag.…”

Measurement of spontaneous emission from a two-dimensional photonic band gap defined microcavity at near-infrared wavelengths

“…One dimensional photonic structures have been used successfully in light emitting diodes ͑LEDs͒ to enhance efficiency and to enhance spontaneous emission. 3 Recently, two-dimensional ͑2D͒ structures have attracted a great deal of attention [4][5][6] due to the simpler geometry, in terms of both fabrication complexity and device design as compared to three-dimensional structures. Such structures have been considered as a means of controlling in-plane spontaneous emission, a significant loss mechanism in vertical-emitting structures.…”

“…Such structures have been considered as a means of controlling in-plane spontaneous emission, a significant loss mechanism in vertical-emitting structures. 4 However, experimental evidence 5,7 has indicated that finite hole depth and waveguide geometry can lead to strong scattering of light into the substrate which would limit the confinement possible with a 2D photonic crystal due to scattering out of the photonic crystal plane. Passive reflection, diffraction and transmission measurements have recently been carried out in twodimensional photonic crystal structures.…”

Modal reflectivity in finite-depth two-dimensional photonic-crystal microcavities

“…These ratios provide a 2D band-gap for the infinite crystal and correspond to the design used in our edge-emitting laser fabrication. 3 In our calculations we used three periods of the lattice in the x direction (⌫ x ϭ direction in reciprocal space) and an infinite number of periods in the ŷ direction. The physical cavity length, L C , was chosen to be approximately two wavelengths of the guided mode and is optimized (to compensate for penetration into the mirror) to provide the highest Q for the guided mode in the case in which the holes extend well into the bottom cladding (approaching the infinite depth regime).…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Applications of these structures range from simple passive elements, such as filters and polarizers, to ultrasmall cavity lasers and single-mode LED's, with the tantalizing possibilities of inhibited spontaneous emission and improved efficiencies of light emitters. 1 Realistically, the finite dimensions of 2D photonic crystals have to be addressed in designing and optimizing devices incorporating photonic crystals.…”