Lasing Action with Gold Nanorod Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Chandrasekar, Rohith; Wang, Zhuoxian; Meng, Xianwei; Lagutchev, Alexei; Kim, Young L.; Wei, Alexander; Boltasseva, Alexandra; Shalaev, Vladimir M.

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00010

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), also known as indefinite media, are a class of optical metamaterials with extreme anisotropy [1]: the effective permittivity (or permeability) tensor components that are parallel and perpendicular to the optical axis have opposite signs, therefore their optical properties resemble dielectric and metal in orthogonal directions [1,2]. Due to such unique property and associated indefinite dispersion, HMMs possess infinite optical density of states, giving rise to applications in versatile fields [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] such as super-resolution microscopy, biosensing, lasing, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Topological Bands and Triply Degenerate Points in Non-Hermitian Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Hou

Luo

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), an unusual class of electromagnetic metamaterials, have found important applications in various fields due to their distinctive properties. A surprising feature of HHMs found recently is that even continuous HMMs can possess topological edge modes. However, previous studies based on equal-frequency surface (analogy of Fermi surface) may not correctly capture the topology of entire bands. Here we develop a topological band description for continuous HMMs that can be described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formulated from Maxwell's equations. We find two types of three dimensional photonic triply-degenerate points with topological charges ±2 and 0 induced by chiral and gyromagnetic effects that break spatial inversion and time-reversal symmetries, respectively. Because of the photonic nature, the vacuum band plays an important role for topological edge states and bulk-edge correspondence in HMMs. The topological band results are numerically confirmed by direct simulation of Maxwell's equations. Our work presents a general non-Hermitian topological band treatment of continuous HMMs, paving the way for exploring interesting topological phases in photonic continua. arXiv:1808.06972v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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confidence: 99%

Topological Bands and Triply Degenerate Points in Non-Hermitian Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Hou

Luo

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…With the presence of the hyperbolic metacavity, the emission rate of ultraviolet emitter is enhanced about 33 times. Also, it has been proved that the lasing threshold can be reduced by 35% in hyperbolic medium compared to the elliptic one . The strong enhancement of laser action achieved by HMMs provides an efficient scheme for high‐efficiency light‐emitting devices.…”

Section: D Bulk Hyperbolic Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been attempts to realize nanolaser using HMM structures based on the emission enhancement mechanism . The broadband Purcell enhancement and more efficient energy transfer from the surface plasmon to the lasing mode due to the large PDOS and nonlocal effect in HMMs pave ways to manipulate the lasing action.…”

Section: D Bulk Hyperbolic Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other optical metamaterials, like chiral and split ring resonator–based metamaterials, HMMs have advantages of relative ease of fabrication at optical frequencies, broadband nonresonant and 3D bulk responses, and flexible wavelength tunability. As a result, HMMs have attracted widespread interest and become a good multifunctional platform for many exotic applications, such as optical negative refraction and light beam steering, subdiffraction‐limited imaging and nanolithography, spontaneous and thermal emission engineering, ultrasensitive optical, biological, and chemical sensing, omnidirectional and broadband optical absorption …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperbolic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications

Huo

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

171

107

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and their potential applications in various fields, including optical waveguiding, imaging, ultrasensitive optical sensing, and electromagnetic cloaking.Among the different types of optical metamaterials proposed and demonstrated to date, there is one class of highly anisotropic metamaterials which exhibit hyperbolic (or indefinite) dispersions, depending on their effective electric tensors (here, we only consider nonmagnetic media with unit magnetic tensors). Such hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) have reached the ultra-anisotropic limit of traditional uniaxial crystal and lead to dramatic changes for the light propagation behaviors. [12][13][14][15][16] Compared with other optical metamaterials, like chiral [17,18] and split ring resonator-based metamaterials, [19,20] HMMs have advantages of relative ease of fabrication at optical frequencies, broadband nonresonant and 3D bulk responses, and flexible wavelength tunability. As a result, HMMs have attracted widespread interest and become a good multifunctional platform for many exotic applications, such as optical negative refraction and light beam steering, [12,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] subdiffraction-limited imaging and nanolithography, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] spontaneous and thermal emission engineering, [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] ultrasensitive optical, biological, and chemical sensing, [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] omnidirectional and broadband optical absorption. [90][91][92][93] On the other hand, ultrathin metasurfaces, which comprise a class of planar optical metamaterials with many subwavelength structural units, have attracted much attention due to their ability of locally controlling the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light at the interface between two natural materials. [94][95][96][97] 2D planar metasurfaces have many advantages over bulk metamaterials, including simplifying the fabrication and integration process, reducing energy loss, and being compatible with other photonics devices. In this context, as an efficient surface wave modulation platform, hyperbolic metasurfaces (HMSs) with in-plane hyperbolic dispersions have a potential influence on the development of on-chip planar photonic devices. [95,98] In this review, we first discuss the dispersions and realizations of hyperbolic media. Then, we review the recent achievements of various optical applications based on 3D bulk HMMs and 2D planar HMSs. It should be stressed that, although some application scenarios for 3D HMMs and 2D HMSs are analogous, in fact they are not equal to each other because additional constrains will be introduced on the surface wave as the dimensionality degraded, which is accompanied by fancy in-plane Recent advances in nanofabrication and characterization technologies have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of optical metamaterials and metasurfaces that provide novel ways of manipulating light interaction in a well controllable manner. Among these artificial nanostructured materials, ...

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“…Besides the above‐mentioned systems, many other configurations for plasmonic lasers have been demonstrated using cavity modes from surface lattice plasmon mode in metal nanoparticles array, Tamm SPP mode, long‐range SPP mode, random mode to other diverse modes . Also, by operating at NIR region with relatively low metal losses, metal‐cladded 3D‐confined subdiffraction‐limit plasmonic nanolasers have been demonstrated, in which the cladding metals support TM cavity modes and behave more like perfect reflecting mirrors .…”

Section: Experimental Demonstrations Of the Plasmonic Nanolasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Nanolasers: Pursuing Extreme Lasing Conditions on Nanoscale

Gao

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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and techniques have been proposed and/ or developed. Here we focus on a newly emerging area-plasmonic nanolaser that pursuing extremely smaller cavity size in one or more dimensions, and consequently extreme lasing conditions, by using a plasmonic cavity with feature size possibly far below the diffraction limit of light.The miniaturization of a laser can be traced back to the early age of the laser, when compact semiconductor structures were introduced. In particular, the introduction of semiconductors as the gain media in 1962, [11,12] followed by a series of elaborately engineered structures from heterostructure, [13] quantum well, [14] vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), [15,16] microdisk, [17][18][19] photonic crystal, [20][21][22] quantum dot [23,24] to nanowire (NW) [25][26][27] have made great success in shrinking a laser from bulk scale to wavelength level using reduced cavity sizes. [28] For example, to date, typical commercial edgeemitting quantum well laser diodes have dimensions of several micrometers in width and hundreds of micrometers in length, and a single quantum dot can lase in a photonic crystal cavity with overall dimension of merely 0.7(λ/n) 3 , where λ is the vacuum wavelength and n the refractive index of the dielectric. [29] With optimized geometry and material for cavity design, lower structural dimension is expected. However, in a dielectric cavity with limited refractive index n, the cavity size is intrinsically restricted by optical diffraction limit that sets an ultimate limit λ/2n for both cavity length and mode size in all three dimensions.An effective step to shrink a cavity beyond the diffraction limit is converting light into surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in nanostructuralized metals, which is a kind of collective oscillation of quasi free electrons on the interface of a metal and a dielectric. [30] While SPP is featured with ultrahigh optical confinement and ultrafast relaxation process as shown in Figure 1a, [31] it is inevitably accompanied by ultrahigh energy dissipation (i.e., Ohmic loss), leading to a mutual balance between the mode size and the optical loss in either a nanowaveguide or a nanocavity as shown in Figure 1b. [32] For example, the transverse mode area of SPP mode on an Ag nanowire with diameter of 100 nm can be as small as 0.01 µm 2 but also exhibits a propagation loss larger than 200 dB mm −1 . Despite of the high loss coefficient of plasmonic resonance at optical frequency, a properly designed nanoplasmonic cavity coupled with a gain medium is possible to lase with miniature cavity length.Owing to their ultrahigh optical confinement, plasmonic nanolasers with cavity sizes beyond the diffraction limit of light, are attracting increasing attention for pursuing extreme lasing conditions on nanoscale including ultracompact cavity mode, ultrafast lasing modulation, significantly enhanced light-matter interaction, and Purcell effect. In this review, the recent progress on plasmonic nanolasers from both theoretical and experimental aspects is intro...

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Lasing Action with Gold Nanorod Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Cited by 56 publications

References 70 publications

Topological Bands and Triply Degenerate Points in Non-Hermitian Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Topological Bands and Triply Degenerate Points in Non-Hermitian Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Hyperbolic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications

Plasmonic Nanolasers: Pursuing Extreme Lasing Conditions on Nanoscale

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