Lassa fever in Nigeria: Insights into seroprevalence and risk factors in rural Edo State: A pilot study

Tobin, Ekaete Alice; Asogun, Danny; Akpede, Nosa; Adomeh, Donatus I; Ikponwonsa, Odia; Günther, Stephan

doi:10.4103/2276-7096.162258

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We found that mass media and friends were identi ed as the main sources of LF information among respondents. This nding is similar to ndings from studies conducted in Edo and Oyo States [22,23] It also agrees with the reports from Pulse which maintained in community information and mobilization for awareness generation on the role of rodents in the transmission of LF disease [24]. This consonance highlights the active involvement of the mass media in communicating health-related information, and prompting heath-seeking behavior among individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk Factors for Lassa Fever Infection Among Survivours at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Ilesanmi

Owoeye-Lawal

Aro

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThere exists paucity of information regarding successfully managed Lassa Fever (LF) patients. This study is aimed at determining the perceived risk factors for LF infection among patients who had been managed and on follow up at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State. MethodsA cross sectional study of 101 LF survivors who had been managed and attending follow up clinic at Federal Medical Centre, Owo was done. Data were collected using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Respondents were assessed for symptoms and factors that may have predisposed them to LF, and data analyzed with SPSS version 23. Those who had more than three identifiable risks were categorised as high risk. Descriptive statistics was done, and association between socio-demographic characteristics and high risk were explored using chi square test. ResultsThe median age of respondents was 33 years (range 8-85 years), 61.4% were males, 92.1% have heard of LF prior to being diagnosed, 55.9% heard through the mass media. The perceived cause of Lassa fever infection among respondents included consumption of food contaminated by rats’ feces among 57(56.4%) persons, while 16 (15.8) attributed their infection to contact with LF-infected persons. Among respondents with primary education and below, 5 (29.4%) had high risk of Lassa fever infection compared to 7 (8.3%) with secondary education and above (p=0.014). ConclusionMass media and other sources of information should be well harnessed in the communication of risks and preventive practices for LF. Health education should be intensified both in hospitals and schools to capture both young and old in LF prevention activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk Factors for Lassa Fever Infection Among Survivours at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Ilesanmi

Owoeye-Lawal

Aro

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A study of 18 different areas in Guinea, a West African country confirmed that only the M. natalensis and not M. erythroleucus correlates geographically with observed Lassa fever seropositivity prevalence in humans [ 10 ]. A study carried out in rural endemic Esan West local government area in Southern Nigeria showed seroprevalence at 58.2% where 96.1% of houses had seen rodents in the previous 6 months [ 11 ], similar to 24 cases reported in Ondo state in January 2018. It was further observed that there was no much focus on rodent control measures in public awareness within the study area calling out the need for further studies to develop culturally effective and acceptable design measures and capacity development which are affordable in dealing with the infectious rodents [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A study carried out in rural endemic Esan West local government area in Southern Nigeria showed seroprevalence at 58.2% where 96.1% of houses had seen rodents in the previous 6 months [ 11 ], similar to 24 cases reported in Ondo state in January 2018. It was further observed that there was no much focus on rodent control measures in public awareness within the study area calling out the need for further studies to develop culturally effective and acceptable design measures and capacity development which are affordable in dealing with the infectious rodents [ 11 ]. Peak incidence of Lassa fever in Sierra Leone has shown to overlap the dry season from the wet season falling between May to November annually [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Re-emerging Lassa fever outbreaks in Nigeria: Re-enforcing “One Health” community surveillance and emergency response practice

2018

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We evaluated the impact of man-made conflict events and climate change impact in guiding evidence-based community “One Health” epidemiology and emergency response practice against re-/emerging epidemics. Increasing evidence of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases including recent Lassa fever outbreaks in almost 20 states in Nigeria led to 101 deaths and 175 suspected and confirmed cases since August 2015. Of the 75 laboratory confirmed cases, 90 deaths occurred representing 120% laboratory-confirmed case fatality. The outbreak has been imported into neighbouring country such as Benin, where 23 deaths out of 68 cases has also been reported. This study assesses the current trends in re-emerging Lassa fever outbreak in understanding spatio-geographical reservoir(s), risk factors pattern and Lassa virus incidence mapping, inherent gaps and raising challenges in health systems. It is shown that Lassa fever peak endemicity incidence and prevalence overlap the dry season (within January to March) and reduced during the wet season (of May to November) annually in Sierra Leone, Senegal to Eastern Nigeria. We documented a scarcity of consistent data on rodent (reservoirs)-linked Lassa fever outbreak, weak culturally and socio-behavioural effective prevention and control measures integration, weak or limited community knowledge and awareness to inadequate preparedness capacity and access to affordable case management in affected countries. Hence, robust sub/regional leadership commitment and investment in Lassa fever is urgently needed in building integrated and effective community “One Health” surveillance and rapid response approach practice coupled with pest management and phytosanitation measures against Lassa fever epidemic. This offers new opportunities in understanding human-animal interactions in strengthening Lassa fever outbreak early detection and surveillance, warning alerts and rapid response implementation in vulnerable settings. Leveraging on Africa CDC centre, advances in cloud-sourcing and social media tools and solutions is core in developing and integrating evidence-based and timely risk communication, and reporting systems in improving contextual community-based immunization and control decision making policy to effectively defeat Lassa fever outbreak and other emerging pandemics public health emergencies in Africa and worldwide.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0421-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Environmental variables related to rodent dynamics that significantly characterized house locations of LF case-patients were presence of rodent deterrents (p < 0.001), proximities of households to refuse dump (p < 0.001), rice post-harvest storage facility (p = 0.01) and rice farm (p = 0.03) . However, other environmental variables such as proximity of households to forest, main road and hospital facilities were not significantly associated with house locations of LF case-patients (Table 3) LGA finds application in planning and strategic intervention for the effective prevention and control of LF in Edo State (5). It could also suggest the source of rodent-human contact interface as reported by Karan (2019) who highlighted four hotspots for LF among Mastomys natalensis population in Guinea and found a major hotspot around marketplace suggesting the source of Mastomys natalensis to human households in the study location.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Edo State is one of the states in Nigeria with high burden of LF cases with occurrence all through the year. The first outbreak of LF in Edo State occurred in Esan West LGA in 1989 (3) (5). Identification of primary spatial clusters have contributed immensely to understanding disease risk behavior as well as help guide and inform prioritization of public health intervention strategies (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of confirmed Lassa fever cases in Edo State, Nigeria, 2008 – 2014

Owoicho

Awosanya

Fadugba

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Lassa fever (LF) is endemic and poses public health threats in Edo State. Identification of primary clusters will help prioritize public health interventions in the state. We investigated retrospective cases of LF to identify primary cluster of the disease for household exposure management. Method: We reviewed retrospective data (n = 1400) of LF case-patients at a referral hospital in Edo State from 2008 to 2014 based on World Health Organization case definition for LF.We determined primary cluster of confirmed cases on Bernoulli model and evaluated environmental factors in the primary cluster: presence of rodent deterrents, proximity of households at 2 km radius to rice farm, rice post-harvest storage facility, refuse dump, forest, hospital and main road using Multi-criteria analysis at p < 0.05. Results: Of the reviewed cases, 171 (12.2%) were confirmed casepatients. The median age of confirmed case-patients was 30 years (Q1:16.0 and Q3: 43.5). Of the confirmed case-patients, 101 (59.1%) were male. A primary spatial cluster (4.45 km radius; geographic centre at 6.717900oN, 6.243500oE) was identified in Esan West LGA. Associated environmental factors included presence of rodent deterrents (p < 0.001), proximities of households to refuse dump (p < 0.001), rice post-harvest storage facility (p = 0.01) and rice farm (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Esan WestLGA was identified as a primary cluster for Lassa fever. Presence of rodent deterrents, household proximity to refuse dump sites, rice storage facilities and rice farms were associated environmental factors. We recommend improved rice post-harvest storage and use of rodent deterrents in Edo State, Nigeria.

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Lassa fever in Nigeria: Insights into seroprevalence and risk factors in rural Edo State: A pilot study

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Risk Factors for Lassa Fever Infection Among Survivours at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Risk Factors for Lassa Fever Infection Among Survivours at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Re-emerging Lassa fever outbreaks in Nigeria: Re-enforcing “One Health” community surveillance and emergency response practice

Spatial analysis of confirmed Lassa fever cases in Edo State, Nigeria, 2008 – 2014

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