Late colonial Brazil, 1750–1808

Alden, Dauril

doi:10.1017/chol9780521245166.016

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…At the time, there were 139 engenhos in Bahia (Schwartz 1985), corresponding to almost 8,000 slaves 17 . Alden (1984) cites 286 plantations in Pernambuco-Paraíba; by my calculation, there would have been over 16,000 slaves. In 1775, only 1.4 million arrobas of sugar were produced across Brazil (Burlamaqui), with 35,000 slaves possibly employed.…”

Section: The Gold Eramentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As with sugar, gold production had large demographic effects. I calculate average gold output by decade for Minas Gerais based on Noya Pinto (1979), as reprinted in Alden (1984). Supposing that available population figures are correct: there were about 30,000 African slaves in Minas Gerais in the 1710s (Russell-Wood 1987); an average 98,730 and 93,328 registered slaves in the 1730s and 1740s ( Codice Costa Matoso ; in Boxer 1962); and an African/Mulatto population of 243,000 in the 1770s, and 369,000 in the 1790s (Alden 1963).…”

Section: The Gold Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the beginning of the 19 th century, the colonial era was ending and the economy became increasingly diversified into other staples — notably coffee, but also tobacco, cacao, cotton and rice (Alden 1984). French troops invaded Portugal in 1807 and the royal court took refuge in Rio de Janeiro; in 1822, after the King had returned to Europe, his son Pedro I declared himself Emperor of an independent Brazil (Merrick and Graham 1979).…”

Section: The Coffee Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main contemporary data sources are: a letter from Lord Strangford to Marquis of Wellesley dated May 20, 1810 (in Alden 1984); Paraíba, Mapa de População, 1798 (Marcílio 1984); and Souza e Silva, População Geral do Império , documents in the Arquivo Nacional de Rio de Janeiro and IHGB/CU, and Octávio Ianni, Metamorfoses (in Klein and Luna 2010) 18 . The compiled census figures from these sources are presented in Table 9.…”

Section: The Coffee Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Forced Hand: Natives, Africans, and the Population of Brazil, 1545-1850

Bucciferro

2013

RHE / JILAEH

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The settlement and expansion of the Portuguese colonies in South America were made possible by slave labour; however, the historical size of enslaved Native and African groups is largely unknown. This investigation compiles extant statistics on the population of «Brazil» by race and state for the pre-census period from 1545 to 1850, complementing them with headcount estimates based on sugar, gold, and coffee production; pre-contact indigenous populations; and trans-Atlantic slave voyages. The resulting panel of demographic data illustrates national and regional racial transitions encompassing the colonial era. Brazil's population was of Native descent but became predominantly African in the 18th century; people of European ancestry remained a minority for another 200 years.

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Section: The Gold Eramentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Gold Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Coffee Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Coffee Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Forced Hand: Natives, Africans, and the Population of Brazil, 1545-1850

Bucciferro

2013

RHE / JILAEH

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“…Sugar production figures are compiled from Alden, ‘Late colonial Brazil’, pp. 630–1; Soares, Notas estatísticas , pp.…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic geography of race in the New World: Brazil, 1500–2000†

Bucciferro

2017

The Economic History Review

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Race is a fundamental aspect of historical inequality and institutions, yet it is at times overlooked within the literature on comparative development in the Americas. This article investigates the nature of staple production in Brazil and attendant changes in the racial composition of 20 modern states from its discovery by the Portuguese to the present. The Indigenous population was surpassed by that of African descent in the north‐east, south‐east, and north, respectively, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; not until decades after the abolition of slavery did people of European heritage come to constitute a majority. These transitions were guided by the relative productivity, natural increase, and price of Native and African slaves, contingent on the extent of natural resource wealth (mineral deposits or land suitable for growing cash crops) and supply of free labour. In those areas where slavery was most profitable, a 1 per cent increase in the relative cost of Native labour raised the proportion of people of African ancestry by up to 2 per cent, depending on the measures of slave prices and racial classifications considered. This relationship is robust to changes in output prices or the populace of European descent, and alternative scenarios of aboriginal population decline.

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A lucrative end: abolition, immigration, and the new occupational hierarchy in southeast Brazil

Bucciferro

2020

Cliometrica

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Late colonial Brazil, 1750–1808

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

A Forced Hand: Natives, Africans, and the Population of Brazil, 1545-1850

A Forced Hand: Natives, Africans, and the Population of Brazil, 1545-1850

The economic geography of race in the New World: Brazil, 1500–2000†

A lucrative end: abolition, immigration, and the new occupational hierarchy in southeast Brazil

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