Late components of the visual evoked potential to search in short-term memory

Adam, N; Collins, G.I.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(78)90261-4

Cited by 133 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several studies suggest that the latency of P300 wave is involved in the process of INSULIN 40 storing information, i.e., memory, as indicated by the observation that the origin of the P300 wave is from the medial temporal lobe areas (29,30) that the latency of the P300 wave increases with the increasing memory load (31) and that it is closely related to the memory digit span test (32). In addition, since aging (33), dementia (20), Huntington's disease (34) and organic cognitive disorders in children (21) are associated with an increased latency in P300 wave, it is concluded that the latency of the P300 wave not only is related to some of the most important brain cortical functions in man, but also that such a parameter might be used as a measure of physiological integrity of cognitive function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modest decrements in plasma glucose concentration cause early impairment in cognitive function and later activation of glucose counterregulation in the absence of hypoglycemic symptoms in normal man.

Feo¹,

Gallai²,

Crispino³

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Invest.

133

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To establish the glycemic threshold for onset of neuroglycopenia (impaired cognitive function, measured by the latency of the P300 wave), activation of hormonal counterregulation and hypoglycemic symptoms, 12 normal subjects were studied either under conditions of insulin-induced, glucose-controlled plasma glucose decrements, or during maintenance of euglycemia. A decrement in plasma glucose concentration from 88±3 to 80±1 mg/dl for 150 min did not result in changes in the latency of the P300 wave nor in an activation of counterregulatory hormonal response. In contrast, a greater decrement in plasma glucose concentration from 87±3 to 72±1 mg/dl for 120 min caused an increase in the latency of the P300 wave (from 301±12 to 348±20 ms, P < 0.01), a subsequent increase in all counterregulatory hormones but no hypoglycemic symptoms. Finally, when plasma glucose concentration was decreased in a stepwise manner from 88±2 to 50±1 mg/dl within 75 min, the increase in the latency of the P300 wave was correlated with the corresponding plasma glucose concentration (r = -0.76, P < 0.001). The glycentic threshold for hypoglycemic symptoms was 49±2 mg/dl.Thus, in normal man the glycemic threshold for neuroglycopenia (72±1 mg/dl) is greater than currently thought; the hormonal counterregulation follows the onset of neuroglycopenia; the hypoglycemic symptoms are a late indicator of advanced neuroglycopenia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modest decrements in plasma glucose concentration cause early impairment in cognitive function and later activation of glucose counterregulation in the absence of hypoglycemic symptoms in normal man.

Feo¹,

Gallai²,

Crispino³

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Invest.

133

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“…P3 latency can therefore be used to determine which processing stages are affected by set size during visual search: If the effects ofset size on RT for conjunction targets are due to an increase in the duration of stimulus evaluation, then the slopes relating P31atency and RT to set size should be identical. A similar logic has been used to interpret ERPs recorded during memory search tasks (see, e.g., Adam & Collins, 1978;Ford, Roth, Mohs, Hopkins, & Kopell, 1979;Gomer, Spicuzza, & O'Donnell, 1976;Michalewski, Patterson, Pratt, Barret, & Starr, 1988). In these experiments, P31atency increased linearly as a function of memory set size, but the slope was shallower for P3 latency than for RT, suggesting that part of the effect of memory set size on RT was due to postrecognition processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological evidence for parallel and serial processing during visual search

Luck

Hillyard

1990

Perception & Psychophysics

196

132

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Event-related potentials were recorded from young adults during a visual search task in order to evaluate parallel and serial models of visual processing in the context of Treisman's feature integration theory. Parallel and serial search strategies were produced by the use offeature-present and feature-absent targets, respectively. In the feature-absent condition, the slopes of the functions relating reaction time and latency of the P3 component to set size were essentially identical, indicating that the longer reaction times observed for larger set sizes can be accounted for solely by changes in stimulus identification and classification time, rather than changes in postperceptual processing stages. In addition, the amplitude of the P3 wave on target-present trials in this condition increased with set size and was greater when the preceding trial contained a target, whereas P3 activity was minimal on target-absent trials. These effects are consistent with the serial self-terminating search model and appear to contradict parallel processing accounts of attention-demanding visual search performance, at least for a subset of search paradigms. Differences in ERP scalp distributions further suggested that different physiological processes are utilized for the detection of feature presence and absence.

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“…Thus, one would predict that any manipulation of the familiarity dimension would result in changes in both the amphtude and latency of the P300, Several ERP experiments have been devoted to determining the relationship between measures of P300 and memory processes. In the Stemberg paradigm (1969), P300 latency varies with memory search time in the same way as RT: P300 latency in-set (target) items have shorter latencies than outset (distractor) items (Adam & Collins, 1978;Ford, Roth, Mohs, Hopkins, & Kopell, 1979;Ford et al, 1980;Gomer, Spicuzza, & O'Donnell, 1976). Moreover, Ford et al, (1980) reported that while changes in stimulus discriminability (i,e,, normal vs, degraded stimuli) do not affect the slopes of the RT and P300 latency functions, the intercepts for both measures increased for the degraded stimuli (cf Sternberg, 1969), P300 amplitude differences have also been observed in this paradigm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

P300 and Long‐Term Memory: Latency Predicts Recognition Performance

1985

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Tbe study-test paradigm was used to investigate memory acquisition processes and tbe effects of repetition on long-term recognition memory. In tbis procedure, subjects are presented witb a list of words ("targets") to be memorized (Study series). Tbey are later tested for recognition on a word list comprised of tbe target words mixed randomly witb an equal number of new, distractor words (Test series). Botb reaction time and tbe P300 component of tbe event-related brain potential were used as measures of processing time. During tbe Study series, large P300s were elicited despite a word category probability of 1.0. Wben tbe words from tbe Study series were divided on tbe basis of recognition performance, words tbat were subsequently recognized elicited P300s witb sborter latencies tban unrecognized words. P300 amplitude to words in tbe Study series increased witb repetition wbile maintaining a constant latency. During tbe Test series, P300 latency and reaction time decreased witb repetition for botb target and distractor words. P300 amplitude to all words increased substantially over Test repetitions witb tai^et words eliciting larger P300s tban distractor words. Words tbat were recognized more consistently during tbe Test series elicited larger and earlier P300s tban words tbat were recognized less consistently. Tbe P300 amplitude and latency results from botb tbe Study and Test series are interpreted as reflecting tbe increased discriminability of tbe target words as tbe memory trace increases in strengtb.DESCRIPTORS: Event-related potentials, P300, Recognition memory.The P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) has been found to index cognitive processing in a variety of paradigms. There are two parameters of the P300 that provide unique indices of information processing-amplitude and latency. P300 amplitude varies directly with the amount of information processing invoked by a stimulus (i.e., processing load) and varies inversely with the subjective probability of a stimulus (Duncan-Johnson

show abstract

Late components of the visual evoked potential to search in short-term memory

Cited by 133 publications

References 15 publications

Modest decrements in plasma glucose concentration cause early impairment in cognitive function and later activation of glucose counterregulation in the absence of hypoglycemic symptoms in normal man.

Modest decrements in plasma glucose concentration cause early impairment in cognitive function and later activation of glucose counterregulation in the absence of hypoglycemic symptoms in normal man.

Electrophysiological evidence for parallel and serial processing during visual search

P300 and Long‐Term Memory: Latency Predicts Recognition Performance

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