Late diagenetic indicators of buried oil and gas: II, Direct detection experiment at Cement and Garza oil fields, Oklahoma and Texas, using enhanced LANDSAT I and II images

Abstract

The Cement oil field, Oklahoma, was a test site for an experiment designed to evaluate LANDSAT's capability to detect an alteration zone in surface rocks caused by hydrocarbon microseepage. Loss of iron and impregnation of sandstone by carbonate cements and replacement of gypsum by calcite are the major alteration phenomena at Cement. The bedrock alterations are partially masked by unaltered overlying beds, thick soils, and dense natural and cultivated vegetation. Interpreters biased by detailed ground truth were able to map the alteration zone subjectively using a magnified, filtered, and sinusoidally stretched LANDSAT composite image; other interpreters, unbiased by ground truth data, could not duplicate that interpretation. Similar techniques were applied at a secondary test site (Garza oil field, Texas), where similar alterations in surface rocks occur. Enhanced LANDSAT images resolved the alteration zone to a biased interpreter and some individual altered outcrops could be mapped using higher resolution SKYLAB color and conventional black and white aerial photographs suggesting repeat experiments with LANDSAT C and D.

Integrated hyperspectral remote sensing, geochemical and isotopic studies for understanding hydrocarbon-induced rock alterations

“…Data downloaded from http://geology.utah.gov/ and then adjusted using ArcGIS. Index map shows location of surficial rock and soil alterations above petroleum reservoirs in the USA (sources: Love, 1957;Eargle and Weeks, 1973;Donovan, 1974;Olmstead, 1975;Goldhaber et al, 1978;Donovan et al, 1979Donovan et al, , 1981Ferguson, 1979aFerguson, , 1979bDalziel and Donovan, 1980;Abrams et al, 1983;Allen and Thomas, 1984;Duchscherer, 1984;Lilburn and Al-Shaieb, 1984;Oehler and Sternberg, 1984;Segal et al, 1984Segal et al, , 1986Reynolds et al, 1984Reynolds et al, , 1988Reynolds et al, , 1990Conel and Alley, 1985;Lang and Nadeau, 1985;Roeming and Donovan, 1985;Richers et al, 1986;McCoy and Wullstein, 1988;McCoy et al, 1989;Klusman et al, 1992;Reid et al, 1992;Al-Shaieb et al, 1994;Bammel et al, 1994;Campbell, 1994;Schumacher, 1996; Van der Meer et al, 2002;Petrovic, 2006;Petrovic et al, 2008;Khan and Jacobson, 2008). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)…”

Remote detection and geochemical studies for finding hydrocarbon-induced alterations in Lisbon Valley, Utah

“…Chemical reduction due to interaction with hydrocarbons can result in removal of hematite and its transformation to pyrite, Love, 1957;Eargle and Weeks, 1973;Donovan, 1974;Olmstead, 1975;Goldhaber et al, 1978;Donovan et al, 1979;Ferguson, 1979a,b;Dalziel and Donovan, 1980;Donovan et al, 1981;Abrams et al, 1984;Allen and Thomas, 1984;Duchscherer, 1984;Lilburn and Al-Shaieb, 1984;Oehler and Sternberg, 1984;Segal et al, 1984Segal et al, , 1986Reynolds et al, 1984Reynolds et al, , 1988Reynolds et al, , 1990Conel and Alley, 1985;Lang and Nadeau, 1985;Roeming and Donovan, 1985;Richers et al, 1986;McCoy and Wullstein, 1988;McCoy et al, 1989;Scott, 1989;Arp, 1992;Klusman et al, 1992;Reid et al, 1992;Al-Shaieb et al, 1994;Bammel et al, 1994;Campbell, 1994;Schumacher, 1996;Jengo and Vincent, 1999;Van der Meer et al, 2002;Jacobson, 2006;Petrovic, 2006). Segal et al (1984Segal et al ( , 1986, Conel and Alley (1985), Lang and Nadeau (1985), …”

Desarrollo de una metodología para la prospección geoquímica en superficie de combustibles fósiles

“…EMANOMETRIA 137-176 [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] Enunciado: (p. [139][140][141][142] Esta conclusión puede considerarse como una de las aportaciones de esta Tesis, toda vez que se ha demostrado matemáticamente la existencia de un efecto de "memoria" en el contaje de partículas a en el Emanómetro. Una vez constatado este hecho se formuló una nueva expresión que corrige el efecto del "blanco" (p. 70) sobre las lecturas de muestra, y que responde a la siguiente expresión: donde: * M'3 es el valor a considerar, esto es, aquél que resulta de la corrección del "blanco JI.…”