Late effects of cutaneous 3-methylcholanthrene exposure on DNA damage-related pleiotropic growth factors and oxidative stress markers in mice

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Skin is the body's fi rst defence against direct exposure to variety of chemicals. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) are common in polluted urban air and have a potential of producing harmful effects. Moreover, their late effects can occur months or years after exposure. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of 3-MC induced dermal toxicity on the expression of markers of apoptosis, pleiotropic cytokines, and oxidative stress and to determine the protective effect of cisplatin. METHODS: Groups were designed as control (group 1), 3-MC applied (group 2) and 3-MC+cisplatin applied mice (group 3). Cutaneous expressions of TGFβ, PDGFA, PDGFC, bFGF, PDGFRα, USP28, and Ki67 were evaluated with qPCR. Total oxidant (TOS), total antioxidant (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were determined in liver and kidney tissues. RESULTS: The expression levels of TGFβ, PDGFRα, USP-28, Ki67, and PDGFA were decreased signifi cantly in MC applied groups. Renal TAS levels were signifi cantly lower in group-3. Liver and kidney OSI values were increased in both groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that low dose 3-MC caused oxidative stress and downregulated apoptotic and cytokine markers in the long term and cisplatin had no ameliorative effects on this degeneration processes (Tab.

Inhibitory Effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene Exposure on Porcine Oocyte Maturation

“…3-MC is a common environmental pollutant with strong toxicity and carcinogenicity; exposure to 3-MC can lead to various cancers and tumor diseases [ 3 , 4 ]. Additionally, 3-MC is an ovotoxin that can affect oocyte growth, and partial studies have revealed the effects of 3-MC on the reproductive system in small model organisms [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of 3-MC on mammalian oocyte maturation are not known.…”

“…When cells are subjected to harmful stimuli, the oxidation–antioxidant system is unbalanced and causes a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals to be produced, causing cell apoptosis [ 55 , 56 ]. Meanwhile, ROS can directly or indirectly oxidize/damage DNA [ 11 , 18 , 32 ]. Exposure to 3-MC disrupted the normal growth environment of oocytes.…”

“…Dioxins could cause miscarriages and premature births in humans, and even birth defects or stunted growth in fetuses [ 9 ]. Hence, dioxin exposure causes ovarian dysfunction in female animals, inhibits estrogen secretion, and even leads to miscarriage and infertility [ 17 , 18 ]. For the male reproductive system, dioxin reduces the number and maturity of sperm cells, causing maternalism, which significantly affects reproduction in animals [ 19 ].…”

Covid-19'u Anlamak: Si̇toki̇n Etki̇si̇ni̇n İmmünopatojeni̇k Mekani̇zmalari

“…The term cytokine stems from two Greek words: cyto (cell) and kinos (movement) (7). Generally, Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins secreted by immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other stromal cells (8) with pleiotropic and cell-specific functions including; cellular communications and the coordination of cellular responses (9,10). Also, they provide growth, differentiation, inflammatory or antiinflammatory signals to relevant cells, and most often, they are released during defined periods in response to stimuli (11,12).…”