Late Effects of Perinatal Morphine Administration on Pituitary-Thyroidal and Gonadal Function

Bakke, John L.; Lawrence, Nancy; Bennett, Jane

doi:10.1159/000240587

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The finding of higher serum T4 values in the female Thiouracil rats of our supplemental study suggests a mirror-image of the chronic, mild hypothyroidis~n reported for early-hyperthyroid rats (Eayrs, 1968, 19711, in contradiction to the results by Bakke et al (1970) showing reduced serum T4 concentration in combined male and female groups of rats treated perinatally with propylthiouracil. The absolute Control-Thiouracil differences in our serum thyroid parameters were, however, quite small (though statistically reliable) for the females and nonsignificant (and in the opposite direction ) for the males.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Perinatal hypothyroidism in rats: Persistent motivational and metabolic effects

Davenport

Hennies

1976

Developmental Psychobiology

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Five groups of female rats which were exposed to thiouracil for varying periods around the time of birth were compared with a 6th group of untreated controls in motivational, metabolic, and hormonal test situations during adolescence and adulthood. The thiouracil-treated rats displayed reduced fearfulness in lever-touching and lever-pressing tasks in operant conditioning chambers and in their initial adaptation to activity-wheel and maze apparatuses. These rats also showed hyperactivity in asymptotic running-wheel performance, increased spontaneous recovery of extinguished lever-pressing, and elevated responding in lever-pressing for variable-interval food reinforcement. A supplemental study revealed significantly greater ad libitum food and water intake and oxygen consumption in male thiouracil-treated rats and elevated serum thyroxine levels in thiouracil-treated females. In general the results indicate that perinatal thyroid deficiency engenders a chronic hypermetabolic state in both sexes which may be associated with a persistent, mild hyperthyroid condition in the case of female rats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Perinatal hypothyroidism in rats: Persistent motivational and metabolic effects

Davenport

Hennies

1976

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…We have previously re ported that neonatal thyrotoxicosis caused delayed puberty in the rat and this could not be duplicated by neonatal food restriction (9). We also have reported on the late effects o f neonatal caloric deprivation in a group o f rats used to compare with the late effects o f neonatal morphine treatment (6). At 110 days o f age both males and females that had been underfed during the neonatal period had a statistically significant reduction in body size and the relative size o f the uteri was increased, as was seen in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Late Effects of Neonatal Undernutrition and Overnutrition on Pituitary-Thyroidal and Gonadal Function

Bakke¹,

Lawrence²,

Bennett³

et al. 1975

Neonatology

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Neonatal rats were underfed or overfed and then, at weaning, placed on a normal diet and allowed to mature. Although overfed rats were obese at weaning, they were of normal weight when mature. The underfed rats remained smaller all their lives. The endocrine organs did not share in this retardation, and were actually larger in several instances when expressed per 100 g body weight. Underfed rats also had delayed eye-opening, normal puberty and normal estrous cycles. Pituitary, hypothalamic and serum TSH concentrations were normal, or even increased (in the underfed females). The responses to propylthiouracil and to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were both normal. Thus the tertiary hypothyroidism reported in underfed rats 16 days old did not persist into adult life. In all comparisons the males had higher serum TSH concentrations than females and usually had a greater response to TRH stimulation. The various persistent endocrine abnormalities resulting from neonatal thyrotoxicosis differ from those seen after neonatal caloric deprivation in all pertinent regards except that both have reduced body weights.

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“…It may, thus, be possible that the effect pattern observed in FLE-displaying tadpoles, enlarged thyroid follicles lined by flat epithelial cells with no alteration in TSHβ mRNA expression, may represent a new steady-state of pituitarythyroid axis function that was established in response to modulating effects on thyroid gland activity and growth earlier during the exposure period. Interestingly, studies in rats and chickens have also shown that early stimulation of the developing thyroid gland by TSH could have long-lasting effects on functioning of thyrocytes and overall follicular architecture leading to persistently enlarged follicles with increased luminal areas and decreased epithelial cell heights (Bakke et al, 1970;Leung and March, 1976). At present, however, it is not known whether the tadpoles exposed to the lower ETU concentrations in our study experienced increased TSH stimulation during early timepoints of the exposure phase that were not covered by endpoint measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Histological and Molecular Endpoints for Enhanced Detection of Thyroid System Disruption in Xenopus laevis Tadpoles

Opitz¹,

Hartmann²,

Blank³

et al. 2006

Toxicological Sciences

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Amphibian metamorphosis represents a promising model for the identification of thyroid system-disrupting chemicals due to the pivotal role played by thyroid hormones for the initiation and regulation of metamorphosis. An important aspect of bioassay development is the identification and evaluation of sensitive and diagnostic endpoints. In this study, several morphological, histological, and molecular endpoints were evaluated for their utility to detect alterations in thyroid system function after exposure of stage 51 Xenopus laevis tadpoles to various concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/l) of the anti-thyroidal compound ethylenethiourea (ETU). Analysis of developmental stages on exposure day 20 and monitoring of time to fore limb emergence (FLE) revealed retardation and complete arrest of tadpole development at 25 mg/l and 50 mg/l ETU, respectively. Development was not affected by 1.0, 2.5, and 10 mg/l ETU. Histological alterations in the thyroid gland were observed in FLE-displaying tadpoles after exposure to 2.5, 10, and 25 mg/l ETU, as well as in developmentally arrested tadpoles exposed to 50 mg/l ETU. Prevalence and severity of histological changes increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed increased mRNA expression of the alpha- and beta-subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHalpha, TSHbeta) in pituitary tissue of tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50 mg/l ETU. Results demonstrate the successful detection of anti-thyroidal effects of ETU in Xenopus laevis tadpoles using various endpoints and highlight the particular sensitivity of thyroid gland histology to detect thyroid system disruption in tadpoles.

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Late Effects of Perinatal Morphine Administration on Pituitary-Thyroidal and Gonadal Function

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Perinatal hypothyroidism in rats: Persistent motivational and metabolic effects

Perinatal hypothyroidism in rats: Persistent motivational and metabolic effects

Late Effects of Neonatal Undernutrition and Overnutrition on Pituitary-Thyroidal and Gonadal Function

Evaluation of Histological and Molecular Endpoints for Enhanced Detection of Thyroid System Disruption in Xenopus laevis Tadpoles

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