Late-Holocene marine radiocarbon reservoir correction (ΔR) for the west coast of South Africa

Dewar, Genevieve; Reimer, Paula J.; Sealy, Judith; Woodborne, Stephan

doi:10.1177/0959683612449755

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This paper reports that the south coast has higher ∆R values than the east coast, and supplements those of Dewar et al (2012) for the west coast. Further studies on the hydrography of the south and east coasts may help to cast further light on this finding, and increase both the volume and quality of reservoir correction data for the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, according to the results outlined, ∆R values from the south and east coastal regions represent statistically significant sub-sets when evaluated with a t-test. Prior to this study, only three ∆R studies have been reported across the entire coastline of South Africa (Southon et al, 2002;Dewar et al, 2012; (Table 4), with the study by Dewar et al (2002) confined to the west coast. The ∆R value determined for the east coast by Southon et al (2002) was based on a marine shell collected in Kwa-Zulu Natal that yielded a ∆R value of 213 ± 57 (recalculated with MARINE13) (Sample R) which accords within the uncertainty with the ∆R values presented here for this eastern part of the South African coast.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only the west coast region of South Africa had been adequately studied in terms of marine reservoir corrections (Dewar et al 2012). The choice of the southeast coastal region as a focus for this study was driven by the need to obtain accurate ∆R values due to the range of ongoing Quaternary palaeoenvironmental studies in southern Africa that are reliant on 14 C dating for chronology, more especially in relation to the ongoing RAiN project (Haberzettl et al, 2014).…”

Section: Location Of Sample Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reimer and Reimer (2001) remarked on the lack of reservoir correction data for most of Africa, and until now there have been very few such F o r P e e r R e v i e w 3 studies (Dewar et al, 2012;Southon et al 2002;Wündsch et al, 2016a). Dewar et al (2012) highlighted the need to conduct a regional reservoir correction study on the south coast of South Africa similar to the one they carried out for the west coast. The results reported here therefore respond to the need for additional ∆R estimates for the oceans around the African continent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ΔR is the regional marine reservoir offset from the global marine calibration curve and needs to be quantified in order to correct for the local conditions that affect diffusion of radiocarbon into the surface ocean (Stuiver et al, 1986). Reimer and Reimer (2001) remarked on the lack of reservoir correction data for most of Africa, and until now there have been very few such F o r P e e r R e v i e w 3 studies (Dewar et al, 2012;Southon et al 2002;Wündsch et al, 2016a). Dewar et al (2012) highlighted the need to conduct a regional reservoir correction study on the south coast of South Africa similar to the one they carried out for the west coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Holocene Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the Southern and Eastern Coasts of South Africa

et al. 2017

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The marine reservoir effect is the difference in radiocarbon (14C) between the atmosphere and the marine surface ocean. To overcome the dating errors induced, it is necessary to correct marine 14C ages for this effect. ΔR is the difference between the marine 14C age and the marine calibration curve based on an ocean-atmosphere box diffusion model, which accounts for the time delay in diffusion of carbon into the ocean from the atmosphere and biosphere. This global assessment, however, requires computation of a regional ∆R value for calibration to cater for studies based on a local scale. In this paper the marine reservoir effect is assessed for the southern and eastern coasts of South Africa using 14C dating on pre-1950 marine shells of known age. The resultant ∆R values enable a more complete understanding of the marine reservoir effect along the southern and eastern coastal zone of South Africa. 14C age determinations were conducted on 15 shell samples of known age and the results, combined with previously published values, were used to calculate regional marine reservoir correction values. The east coast has a weighted mean ∆R of 121±16 14C yr, while the south coast has a weighted mean ∆R of 187±18 14C yr.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Location Of Sample Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Holocene Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the Southern and Eastern Coasts of South Africa

et al. 2017

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The interplay between the surface and bottom water environment within the Benguela Upwelling System over the last 70 ka

et al. 2016

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The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), located between 30 and 20°S, is one of the fundamental high-productivity systems of the world ocean. The BUS has previously been studied in terms of primary productivity and ecology over glacial-interglacial timescales; however, the response and coupling with the benthic environment have received little attention. Here, for the first time, we present a high-resolution reconstruction of the BUS highlighting the link between surface and benthic productivity and their response to climatic and oceanographic changes over the last 70 ka. The study is based on benthic foraminiferal faunal analysis together with analyses of diatom assemblages, grain size of the terrigenous fraction, and stable O and C isotopic and bulk biogenic components of core GeoB3606-1. We reveal significant shifts in benthic foraminiferal assemblage composition. Tight coupling existed between the surface and bottom water environment especially throughout marine isotope stages 4 and 3 (MIS4 and MIS3). Due to the high export production, the site has essentially experienced continuous low oxygen conditions; however, there are time periods where the hypoxic conditions were even more notable. Two of these severe hypoxic periods were during parts of MIS4 and MIS3 where we find an inverse relationship between diatom and benthic foraminifera accumulation, meaning that during times of extremely high phytodetritus export we note strongly suppressed benthic productivity. We also stress the importance of food source for the benthos throughout the record. Shifts in export productivity are attributed not only to upwelling intensity and filament front position, but also, regional-global climatic and oceanographic changes had significant impact on the BUS dynamics.

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Diet and adult age‐at‐death among mobile foragers: A synthesis of bioarcheological methods

Pfeiffer

Cameron

Sealy

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The research explores whether the combined study of cortical bone histology, bone morphology, and dietary stable isotopes can expand insights into past human health and adaptations, particularly dietary sufficiency and life span. Materials and methods: Midthoracic rib cortices from 54 South African Late Holocene adult skeletons (28 M, 24 F, two sex undetermined) are assessed by transmitted-light microscopy for cross-sectional area measurements, osteon area (On.Ar), osteon population density, and presence/absence of secondary osteon variants. Values for δ 13 C bone collagen , δ 15 N bone collagen , 14 C dates, Southwestern and Southern Cape geographic regions, body size measures, estimated ages-at-death from both morphological and histological methods are integrated into analyses, which include Spearman correlations, χ 2 tests and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVAs.Results: There is reduced On.Ar variability with higher δ 15 N (r = −.41, p = .005); rib % cortical area and δ 15 N are negatively correlated in the Southern Cape group (r = −.60, p = .03). Osteon variants are more common in older adults; histological ages at death are significantly older than those determined from gross morphology.Discussion: We found bone tissue relationships with measures of diet composition, but indicators of dietary adequacy remain elusive. Relationships of tissue quality and isotopes suggest that some Southern Cape adults lived long lives. Osteon variants are associated with age-at-death; some association with diet remains possible. Gross morphological methods appear to underestimate adult ages-at-death, at least among smallbodied adults. K E Y W O R D Sdietary isotopes, double-zonal osteons, foragers, pastoralists, type II osteons

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Late-Holocene marine radiocarbon reservoir correction (ΔR) for the west coast of South Africa

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Late Holocene Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the Southern and Eastern Coasts of South Africa

Late Holocene Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the Southern and Eastern Coasts of South Africa

The interplay between the surface and bottom water environment within the Benguela Upwelling System over the last 70 ka

Diet and adult age‐at‐death among mobile foragers: A synthesis of bioarcheological methods

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