Late introduction of complementary feeding, rather than duration of breastfeeding, may protect against adult overweight

Schack-Nielsen, Lene; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Michaelsen, Kim F.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27078

Cited by 148 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Although stronger effect of late introduction of CF rather than BF either in early childhood 4,6 or in adulthood 23,24 was reported in some studies, we found no protective effect of early introduction of any CF, supported by the previous studies 26,27 . Generally, Thai mothers introduce CF at an early age (2.78 ± 1.26 months).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, the beneficial effect in adulthood is not consistent between studies. A recent meta-analysis review using five cohorts in low-and middle-income countries 23 reported that prolonged BF was associated with lower risk of hypertension, diabetes or overweight even in adults, while two cohort studies in USA 5 and Denmark 24 reported no relationships in adulthood 5,24 . Meanwhile, although the protective effect was reported in India 22 and China 20 , studies in early childhood were mostly conducted in high income countries 6,18,19,21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of breastfeeding duration and introduction of animal source foods, fruit juice and vegetables on the risk of weight gain in Thai children

Hong

Mongkolchati

Pimpak

2017

Sri Lanka J Child Health

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Objective: To examine the influence of infant feeding practices on weight gain in children at 24 months of age.Method: Study data were from 4,245 children from the prospective cohort study of Thai children conducted in [2000][2001][2002]. Information on breast feeding duration and timing of specific types of complementary foods introduction was collected in infancy. Overweight (BMI-for-age >2 SD from WHO standard median) and weight gain (weight at birth minus body weight at 24 months) were evaluated.Results: Breastfeeding for 12 months or more reduced the weight gain (ß=-0.0101, p<0.0001) and the risk of overweight (aOR=0.24, 95% CI=0.15-0.40) after adjustment for confounders. In light of specific types of foods, overweight risk decreased with increasing age at introduction of animal source foods (aOR=0.78, 95% CI=0.67-0.91), vegetables (aOR=0.85, 95% CI=0.76-0.96), and fruit juices (aOR=0.92, 95% CI=0.83-1.01), whereas weight gain had an inverse association with animal source foods (p=0.0004) and vegetables (p<0.0001). _________________________________________

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of breastfeeding duration and introduction of animal source foods, fruit juice and vegetables on the risk of weight gain in Thai children

Hong

Mongkolchati

Pimpak

2017

Sri Lanka J Child Health

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“…37 Some of these effects, however, may be mixed up with independent effects of when complementary feeding is introduced. 38 Our results suggest that breastfeeding does not affect the association between weight gain and childhood obesity, and studies of obesity at 3-4 years of age, 28,39 and in adolescence 40 arrived at the same conclusion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Weight and weight gain during early infancy predict childhood obesity: a case-cohort study

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND: Infant weight and weight gain are positively associated with later obesity, but whether there is a particular critical time during infancy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate when and how weight and weight gain during infancy become associated with childhood obesity. METHODS: In a cohort representing 28 340 children born from 1959-67 and measured in Copenhagen schools, 962 obese children (2007 World Health Organization criteria), were compared with a 5% randomly selected sub-cohort of 1417 children. Information on weight at birth, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9 months was retrieved from health visitors' records. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for childhood obesity by tertiles of weight at each age and by change in tertiles of weight between two consecutive measurements were estimated using multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for indicators of socioeconomic status, preterm birth, and breastfeeding. RESULTS: Compared with children in the middle weight-tertile, children with a weight in the upper tertile had a 1.36-fold (CI, 1.10-1.69) to 1.72-fold (CI, 1.36-2.18) higher risk of childhood obesity from birth through 9 months, whereas children in the lower weight-tertile had almost half the risk of obesity from 2 through 9 months. The risk of childhood obesity associated with change in weight-tertile in each interval was stable at B1.5-fold per weight-tertile increase throughout infancy. CONCLUSIONS: Infant weight and weight gain are associated with obesity in childhood already during the first months of life. Determinants of weight gain shortly after birth may be a suitable target for prevention of obesity.

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“…Savino et al 31 demonstrou que crianças que recebiam leites artificiais tinham níveis mais elevados de grelina e Fator de Crescimento Insulina Tipo 1 (IGF-1) e menores ní-veis de leptina aos quatro meses de vida, o que sugere que o leite humano poderia mediar o controle da saciedade nas crianças que o consomem, diminuindo o apetite em comparação às desmamadas. Outros autores 32,33 também relataram maiores ganhos de peso com alimentação artificial em comparação ao leite materno, mas alertaram para a hipótese de que a proteção do leite materno para o ganho de peso excessivo pode não ocorrer por seus próprios efeitos, mas pela não utilização de outros leites não humanos, que, com maiores teores de proteína, ativariam maior resposta do hormônio IGF-1 e secreção de insulina e diminuiriam a secreção do hormônio do crescimento, levando a um consequente maior aumento do peso. Essa justificativa aplica-se à população estudada, pois se sabe que grande proporção de crianças que param de receber leite materno passa a consumir leite de vaca e outros alimentos complementares 34 com elevada quantidade de proteína quando comparados ao leite materno.…”

Section: Consumo De Leite De Vaca Com Adição De Açúcar E Farinha Aos unclassified

Velocidade de ganho de peso e práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida em lactentes de baixo nível socioeconômico

et al. 2012

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ObjetivoAvaliar a velocidade do ganho de peso e sua associação com as práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida em crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico. MétodosUtilizaram-se dados de peso e comprimento ao nascer obtidos dos registros hospitalares e as medidas antropométricas aferidas aos 6 e 12 meses para o cálculo do ganho de peso no primeiro e no segundo semestres de vida. Dados das práticas alimentares das crianças foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães aos 6 e 12 meses de idade das crianças. ResultadosAvaliaram-se 328 crianças: 184 meninos e 144 meninas. As meninas apresentaram maior ganho de peso em relação ao padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde nos primeiros 6 meses de vida (4.452kg versus 4.079kg, p=0,000). Dos 6 aos 12 meses, o ganho de peso das crianças avaliadas foi significativamente maior em comparação ao padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde para os dois sexos (1.929kg versus 1.688kg, p=0,000 para os meninos e 1.900kg versus 1.618kg, p=0,001 para as meninas). As crianças do sexo masculino que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo por período menor que quatro meses apresentaram maior ganho de peso entre 6 e 12 meses de idade em relação àquelas que receberam somente leite materno por período igual ou superior a quatro meses (M=2,077, DP=0,777 versus M=1,814, DP=0,669 p=0,02).

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Late introduction of complementary feeding, rather than duration of breastfeeding, may protect against adult overweight

Cited by 148 publications

References 48 publications

The influence of breastfeeding duration and introduction of animal source foods, fruit juice and vegetables on the risk of weight gain in Thai children

The influence of breastfeeding duration and introduction of animal source foods, fruit juice and vegetables on the risk of weight gain in Thai children

Weight and weight gain during early infancy predict childhood obesity: a case-cohort study

Velocidade de ganho de peso e práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida em lactentes de baixo nível socioeconômico

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