Late Mesoarchean crust growth event: evidence from the ca. 2.8 Ga granodioritic gneisses of the Xiaoqinling area, southern North China Craton

Jia, Xilai; Zhu, Xiwen; Zhai, Mingguo; Zhao, Yan; Zhang, Zeyu; Wu, Jialin; Liu, Tao

doi:10.1007/s11434-016-1094-y

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Most studies agree on a Paleoproterozoic formation time for the Lieryu Mg-rich iron deposits [66,145,178,184], but several studies determined Neoarchean formation time for the Lilaozhuang iron deposit [176,177]. The Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit is hosted in the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic Taihua Group [95][96][97][98][99][100], and the occurrence of mass-independent sulfur fractionation in the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit is consistent with the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic anoxic atmosphere. The Lieryu iron deposit, which is hosted within Mg-silicate and Mg-carbonate rocks, is the most studied due to its abundant boron, magnesium, and iron.…”

Section: Implications For Provenance and Metallogenic Processesmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Stable Isotope (S, Mg, B) Constraints on the Origin of the Early Precambrian Zhaoanzhuang Serpentine-Magnetite Deposit, Southern North China Craton

Meng

et al. 2019

Minerals

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The origin of the Zhaoanzhuang serpentine-magnetite deposit in the southern North China Craton (NCC) is highly disputed, with some investigators having proposed an ultramafic origin, whereas others favor a chemical sedimentary origin. These discrepancies are largely due to the difficulty in determining the protolithic characteristics of the highly metamorphosed rocks. Sulfur, magnesium, and boron isotope geochemistry combined with detailed petrography was carried out in this study to constrain the original composition of the Zhaoanzhuang iron orebodies. Anhydrite is present as coarse crystals intergrown with magnetite, indicating that the anhydrite formed simultaneously with the magnetite during metamorphism rather than as a product of later hydrothermal alteration. The anhydrite has a narrow range of positive δ34S values from +19.8 to +22.5‰ with a mean value of +21.1‰. These values are significantly higher than that of typical magmatic sulfur (δ34S = 0 ± 5‰) and deviate away from primary igneous anhydrite towards mantle-sulfur isotopic values, but they are similar to those of marine evaporitic anhydrite and gypsum (~+21‰). The sulfur isotopic compositions of several samples show obvious signs of mass-independent sulfur fractionation (Δ33S = −0.47‰ to +0.90‰), suggesting that they were influenced by an external sulfur source through a photochemical reaction at low oxygen concentrations, which is consistent with the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic atmosphere. Coarse-grained tourmaline from the tourmaline-rich interlayers of the orebodies occurs closely with Mg-rich minerals such as phlogopite, talc, and diopside, indicating that it has a metamorphic origin. The δ11B values of the tourmaline range from −0.2‰ to +3.6‰ with a mean value of +2.0‰, which is much positive relative to that of magmatic tourmaline but is consistent with that of carbonate-derived tourmaline. The magnesium isotopic analyses of the serpentine–magnetite ores and the magnesium-rich wall rocks revealed a wide range of very negative δ26Mg values from −1.20‰ to −0.34‰ with an average value of −0.80‰. The value is higher than that of ultramafic rocks (δ26Mg = −0.25‰) and exhibits minor Mg isotopic fractionation. However, these values are consistent with those of marine carbonate rocks, which have lower δ26Mg values and larger Mg isotopic variations (δ26Mg = −0.45‰ to −4.5‰). Collectively, the S–Mg–B isotopic characteristics of the Zhaoanzhuang iron orebodies clearly indicate a chemical sedimentary origin. The protoliths of these orebodies most likely reflect a series of Fe–Si–Mg-rich marine carbonate rocks with a considerable evaporite component, indicating a carbonate-rich superior-type banded iron formation precipitated in an evaporitic shallow marine sedimentary environment.

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Section: Implications For Provenance and Metallogenic Processesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The Lower Taihua Group mainly consists of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic (TTG) gneisses, which formed during the Neoarchean-Early Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.8-2.4 Ga) [95][96][97][98][99][100], and also contains amphibolite and minor granitic plutons and mafic dikes. The Upper Taihua Group formed during the Paleoproterozoic (ca.…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Isotope (S, Mg, B) Constraints on the Origin of the Early Precambrian Zhaoanzhuang Serpentine-Magnetite Deposit, Southern North China Craton

Meng

et al. 2019

Minerals

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“…The typical cluster ages of the Neoproterozoic Luotuopan Formation are ~1.85 Ga, ~2.07 Ga, 2.56–2.67 Ga, and 2.84–2.89 Ga, with a significantly high number of samples in the 2.70–2.95 Ga age range. It is posited that detritus of 2.70–2.95 Ga derived from the Lower Taihua Complex in the Lushan area, since 2.70–2.91 Ga TTG gneiss and plagioclase amphibolite are widespread in this area (Diwu et al, 2018) and limited in other areas of the southern NCC (Jia et al, 2016; R. Y. Zhang & Sun, 2017). The potential source rocks of minor 1.76–1.80 Ga detrital zircons are 1.74–1.80 Ga alkaline granitic plutons (including Shicheng, Motianzhai, and Baijiazhai) in the Dengfeng area (Wan et al, 2009; J. Zhang et al, 2013; T. P. Zhao & Zhou, 2009), rather than 1.74–1.78 Ga volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group and minor subvolcanic‐intrusive rocks in the other areas (Cui et al, 2010; Cui et al, 2011; Peng et al, 2008; Ren et al, 2000; Zhai et al, 2015; J. P. Zhao et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional age and provenance analysis of theWufoshan Groupin the southernNorth China Craton: Constraints from detrital zirconU–Pbgeochronology andHfisotopes

Jiang

Cao

et al. 2021

Geological Journal

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The Late Precambrian Wufoshan Group from the southern North China Craton (NCC) is significant for its contribution to our understanding of the Precambrian evolution of the NCC, which consists of the Lower Ma'anshan, Upper Ma'anshan, Puyu, Luotuopan, and Hejiazhai formations. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopes from the Puyu, Luotuopan, and Hejiazhai formations are used in this study to constrain the depositional age and provenance of the Wufoshan Group and crustal evolution of the NCC. The Puyu Formation is characterized by detrital zircon U–Pb age populations of ~2.13 Ga and ~2.50 Ga, similar to the Lower–Upper Ma'anshan formations from the literature. The Luotuopan Formation exhibits age populations of 1.85–2.18 Ga and 2.28–2.98 Ga, with mainly negative εHf(t) values and scattered positive εHf(t) values clustering at two groups of 2.48–2.52 Ga and 2.64–2.97 Ga. The Hejiazhai Formation displays age populations of 0.98–2.00 Ga and 2.51–2.79 Ga with mainly positive εHf(t) values, whose depositional age is constrained as Neoproterozoic era by the youngest graphical detrital zircon age of 976 ± 20 Ma. Provenance studies indicate that the Mesoproterozoic Lower–Upper Ma'anshan and Puyu formations were sourced from the middle Trans‐North China Orogen (TNCO), while the Neoproterozoic Luotuopan and Hejiazhai formations were derived from the southern TNCO and the North Qinling Terrane, respectively. The clastic rock series in the southern NCC is divided into Luotuopan type and Hejiazhai type by detrital zircon U–Pb age pattern and Hf isotopic characteristics, suggesting Late Mesoarchean to Early Palaeoproterozoic (2.47–2.97 Ga) crustal growth in the interior NCC, and Late Palaeoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic (0.98–2.08 Ga) crustal growth in the marginal NCC. The crustal evolution of the NCC can be classified into three stages, namely >3.0 Ga continental nuclei generation, the Meso‐Neoarchean massive growth, and the Palaeo‐Mesoproterozoic interior reworking and marginal growth.

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“…The major rock types in this zone are late Archean to Paleoproterozoic granitoid (TTG) gneisses, supracrustal rocks, greenschist facies mafic rocks, amphibolites, highpressure granulites and retrograded eclogites (Zhao, 2010 and references therein). 2.8-2.4 Ga, Kröner et al, 1988;Liu et al, 2009;Wan et al, 2006;Diwu et al, 2010Diwu et al, , 2014Jia et al, 2016), and the Upper Taihua Group formed during the Paleoproterozoic (ca. The Lower Taihua Group is dominantly composed of TTG gneisses embedded by a dozen of meta-mafic intrusions (amphibolites) as well as minor granitic plutons and mafic dikes, whereas the Upper Taihua Group, unconformably overlying the Lower Taihua Group, is comprised of Khondalite-dominanted supracrustal rocks, including metapelitic gneisses, marbles, quartzites and banded iron formations (BIFs), with minor mafic granulites, amphibolites and granitoid rocks (Zhang et al, 1985;Diwu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geochronological data reveal that the Lower Taihua Group formed during the Neoarchean-early Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.8-2.4 Ga, Kröner et al, 1988;Liu et al, 2009;Wan et al, 2006;Diwu et al, 2010Diwu et al, , 2014Jia et al, 2016), and the Upper Taihua Group formed during the Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.3-1.84 Ga, Wan et al, 2006;Diwu et al, 2010Diwu et al, , 2014Huang Daomao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine‐Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit, Southern North China Craton

Meng

Santosh

et al. 2018

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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The uncommon Mg-rich and Ti-poor Zhaoanzhuang serpentine-magnetite ores within Taihua Group of the North China Craton (NCC) remain unclear whether the protolith was sourced from ultramafic rocks or chemical sedimentary sequences. Here we present integrated petrographic and geochemical studies to characterize the protoliths and to gain insights on the ore-forming processes. Iron ores mainly contain low-Ti magnetite (TiO 2 ~0.1wt%) and serpentine (Mg # =92.42-96.55), as well as residual olivine (Fo=89-90), orthopyroxene (En=89-90) and hornblende. Magnetite in the iron ores shows lower Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn relative to that from ultramafic Fe-Ti-V iron ores, but similar to that from metamorphic chemical sedimentary iron deposit. In addition, interstitial minerals of dolomite, calcite, apatite and anhydrite are intergrown with magnetite and serpentine, revealing they were metamorphic, but not magmatic or late hydrothermal minerals. Wall rocks principally contain magnesian silicates of olivine (Fo=83-87), orthopyroxene (En=82-86), humite (Mg # =82-84) and hornblende [X Mg =0.87-0.96]. Dolomite, apatite and anhydrite together with minor magnetite, thorianite (Th-rich oxide) and monazite (LREE-rich phosphate) are often seen as relicts or inclusions within magnesian silicates in the wall rocks, revealing that they were primary or earlier metamorphic minerals than magnesian silicates. And olivine exists as subhedral interstitial texture between hornblende, which shows later formation of olivine than hornblende and does not conform with sequence of magmatic crystallization. All these mineralogical features thus bias towards their metamorphic, rather than magmatic origin. The dominant chemical components of the iron ores are SiO 2 (4.77-25.23wt%), Fe 2 O 3 T (32.9-80.39wt%) and MgO (5.72-27.17wt%) and uniformly, those of the wall rocks are also SiO 2 (16.34-48.72wt%), MgO (16.71-33.97wt%) and Fe 2 O 3 T (6.98-30.92wt%). The striking high Fe-Mg-Si contents reveal that protolith of the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit was more likely to be chemical sedimentary rocks. The distinct high-Mg feature and presence of abundant anhydrite possibly indicate it primarily precipitated in a confined seawater basin under an evaporitic environment. Besides, higher contents of Al, Ti, P, Th, U, Pb, REE relative to other Precambrian iron-rich chemical precipitates (BIF) suggest some clastic terrestrial materials were probably input. As a result, we think the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit had experienced the initial Fe-Mg-Si marine precipitation, followed by further Mg enrichment through marine evaporated process, subsequent high-grade metamorphism and late-stage hydrothermal fluid modification.diorite veins or dykes. OresThrough drill core observation, four ore types can be recognized: (1) serpentine-magnetite, (2) apatite-magnetite, (3) carbonate-magnetite, and (4) hornblende-magnetite ores. The first ore type in the Zhaoanzhuang mine is predominant, and the second and third ones are secondary, while the fourth one is less developed. One ore type could co...

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Late Mesoarchean crust growth event: evidence from the ca. 2.8 Ga granodioritic gneisses of the Xiaoqinling area, southern North China Craton

Cited by 38 publications

References 77 publications

Stable Isotope (S, Mg, B) Constraints on the Origin of the Early Precambrian Zhaoanzhuang Serpentine-Magnetite Deposit, Southern North China Craton

Stable Isotope (S, Mg, B) Constraints on the Origin of the Early Precambrian Zhaoanzhuang Serpentine-Magnetite Deposit, Southern North China Craton

Depositional age and provenance analysis of theWufoshan Groupin the southernNorth China Craton: Constraints from detrital zirconU–Pbgeochronology andHfisotopes

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine‐Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit, Southern North China Craton

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