Carbonate stratigraphy and stable isotopic ratios of benthic and planktonic foraminifers were used to study paleoceanographic changes that occurred during the late Miocene to earliest Pliocene in the subantarctic South Atlantic, between 9.8 and 4.5 Ma in ODP Hole 704B on the Meteor Rise (47°S, 7°E; 2532 m water depth).During the late Miocene, between 9.8 and 6.4 Ma, carbonate content was high with little variability (generally 84.5% ± 10%), with sustained productivity dominated by foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton in surface waters north of the Subantarctic Front. Decreased carbonate (40%), along with first significant occurrence of biogenic opal, occurred between 8.45 and 8.2 Ma. The first signals of increased cooling occurred between 8.8 and 8.0 Ma.The interval from 6.3 to 4.5 Ma represents low carbonate values with high variability (61.7% ± 17%), suggesting markedly fluctuating conditions in the production and/or dissolution of carbonate. The onset of this interval in Hole 704B is marked by a decrease in carbonate values and a well-defined 0.85°/oo decrease in δ 13