Late Miocene “washhouse” climate in Europe

Böhme, Madelaine; Ilg, August; Winklhofer, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.011

Cited by 162 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The sites contributing to the Paratethys precipitation record range from 46.5°N to 49.5°N in latitude and 8°E (Switzerland) to 28°E (Moldova) in longitude; a single locality is from 40°E (Southern Russia). The stratigraphic-chronologic framework of 29 fossil-bearing horizons from the younger part of this record (b13 Ma) is already discussed in Böhme et al (2008).…”

Section: Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to their ecophysiological strategies and adaptations to maintain thermoregulation, water balance and gas exchange, amphibians and reptiles (excluding non-fossorial snakes) are assorted into six ecophysiologic groups. The relative frequencies of these groups show in recent communities a highly significant correlation to the mean annual precipitation, with mean prediction errors between 250 and 275 mm (for further details see Böhme et al, 2006Böhme et al, , 2008. The application of this palaeoprecipitation tool to fossil assemblages with rich amphibian and reptile records (low taphonomical bias with respect to herpetofauna) from alluvial sediments, paleosoils, caves, fissure fillings, pond and swamp deposits, and channel-fill sediments, expand significantly the spectrum of palaeoenvironments from which precipitation data can be obtained.…”

Section: Database For Precipitation Estimates and Published Palaeoprementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stratigraphic-chronologic framework for the 68 localities is based on correlation to local magnetostratigraphically dated sections, sequence-and lithostratigraphic extrapolation, and biostratigraphic correlation (Böhme et al, 2008). This age-model is not as stable as that for the southwest European record, because many age-determinations rely on the ages of Paratethyan stage boundaries.…”

Section: Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For providing the database for precipitation estimation from herpetofaunal assemblages we used the method described in Böhme et al (2006), which is also discussed in Böhme et al, 2008. Principally, the method is based on the observation that climate and especially precipitation serves as a direct predictor for the herpetofaunal distribution and species richness and yields robust and widely applicable modelling results (Austin, 2002;Guisan and Hofer, 2003;Girardello et al, 2010).…”

Section: Database For Precipitation Estimates and Published Palaeoprementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossils were found in alluvial and lacustrine facies of the basin margins which may laterally grade into evaporites. The stratigraphic-chronologic framework of 70 fossil-bearing horizons from the younger part of this record (b13 Ma) is already discussed in Böhme et al (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miocene precipitation in Europe: Temporal trends and spatial gradients

Böhme

Winklhofer²,

Ilg

2011

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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133

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It is known from present-day climates that both temporal and spatial variations in precipitation can be more pronounced than those in temperature and thus influence ecosystems and human society in more substantial way. However, very little is known about such variations in the past. Here we present an analysis of 206 palaeoprecipitation data from two twelve million year long proxy records of precipitation for Southwest (Calatayud-Teruel basin) and Central Europe (Western and Central Paratethys), spanning the late Early and Middle to Late Miocene (17.8-5.3 Ma) at a temporal resolution of about 80 kyr and 200 kyr, respectively. The estimates of precipitation are based on the ecophysiological structure of herpetological assemblages. The results show that precipitation variations in both regions have large amplitudes during the Miocene with comparable temporal trends at longer time scales. With locally 300 mm up to more than 1000 mm more rainfall per year than present, the early Langhian and the Tortonian were relatively wet periods, whereas the late Langhian and late Serravallian were relatively dry, with up to 300 to 500 mm less precipitation than present. The most humid time intervals were the early and middle Tortonian washhouse climate periods. Overall, our data suggest that the latitudinal precipitation gradient in Europe from the Middle to Late Miocene were highly variable, with a general tendency towards a reduced gradient relative to present day values. The gradient decreases during cooling periods and increases during warming periods, similar to results from simulations of future climate change. Interestingly, the precipitation gradient was reversed during the second washhouse climate period and the Early Messinian, which may have causes a negative hydrologic balance in the Eastern Paratethys during the latter time. Yet, our reconstructed gradient curve shows no direct correlation with the global temperature signal from oxygen isotopes, which implies a non-linear regional response. Our results further suggest that major fluctuations in the precipitation gradient can be responsible for shifts in ecosystem distribution, and particularly, for faunal turnover in South Western Europe.

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Section: Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Database For Precipitation Estimates and Published Palaeoprementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Database For Precipitation Estimates and Published Palaeoprementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miocene precipitation in Europe: Temporal trends and spatial gradients

Böhme

Winklhofer²,

Ilg

2011

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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133

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Sea level and climate forcing of the Sr isotope composition of lateMioceneMediterranean marine basins

Schildgen

Cosentino

Frijia

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Sr isotope records from marginal marine basins track the mixing between seawater and local continental runoff, potentially recording the effects of sea level, tectonic, and climate forcing in marine fossils and sediments. Sr/ 86 Sr analyses from the astronomically tuned Lower Evaporites in the central Apennines (Italy) allow us to explore the effect of glacio-eustatic sea level and precipitation changes on 87 Sr/ 86 Sr. Most variation in our data can be explained by changes in sea level, with greatest negative excursions from global seawater values occurring during relative sea level lowstands, which generally coincided with arid conditions in the Mediterranean realm. We suggest that this greater sensitivity to lowered sea level compared with higher runoff could relate to the inverse relationship between Sr concentration and river discharge. Variations in the residence time of groundwater within the karst terrain of the circum-Mediterranean region during arid and wet phases may help to explain the single (robust) occurrence of a negative excursion during a sea level highstand, but this explanation remains speculative without more detailed paleoclimatic data for the region.

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Macronutrient composition of olive baboon (Papio anubis) milk: A comparison to rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) milk

Glick

Bentley-Condit

Power

2021

American J Primatol

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This study was designed to (1) characterize the macronutrient composition of olive baboon (Papio anubis) milk, (2) compare baboon milk composition to that of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and (3) evaluate the association between the proportion of milk energy derived from protein and relative growth rate within anthropoid primates. A single milk sample was collected from each of eight lactating olive baboons ranging between 47‐ and 129‐days postparturition and six rhesus macaques from 15‐ to 92‐days living at the same institution under identical management conditions. Macronutrient composition (water, fat, protein sugar, and ash) was determined using standard techniques developed at the Nutrition Laboratory at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Baboon milk on average contained 86.0% ± 0.6% water, 4.7% ± 0.5% fat, 1.6% ± 0.04% protein, 7.3% ± 0.07% sugar, and 0.165% ± 0.007% ash. Baboon milk gross energy (GE) averaged 0.81 ± 0.04 kcal/g with 51.9% ± 2.6% from fat, 11.8% ± 0.7% from protein, and 36.2% ± 2.0% from sugar. Baboon milk demonstrated strong similarity to milk composition of the closely phylogenetically related rhesus macaque (86.1% ± 0.3% water, 4.1% ± 0.4% fat, 1.69% ± 0.05% protein, 7.71% ± 0.08% sugar, 0.19% ± 0.01% ash, and 0.78 kcal/g). There was no statistical difference between baboon and macaque milk in the proportions of energy from fat, sugar, and protein. Baboon milk can be described as a high sugar, moderate fat, and low protein milk with moderate energy density, which is consistent with their lactation strategy characterized by frequent, on‐demand nursing and relatively slow life history compared to nonprimate mammal taxa. The milk energy from protein of both baboon and macaque (12.8% ± 0.3%) milk was intermediate between the protein milk energy of platyrrhine (19.3%–23.2%) and hominoid (8.9%–12.6%) primates, consistent with their relative growth rates also being intermediate. Compared to these cercopithecid monkeys, platyrrhine primates have both higher relative growth rates and higher milk energy from protein, while apes tend to be lower in both.

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Late Miocene “washhouse” climate in Europe

Cited by 162 publications

References 55 publications

Miocene precipitation in Europe: Temporal trends and spatial gradients

Miocene precipitation in Europe: Temporal trends and spatial gradients

Sea level and climate forcing of the Sr isotope composition of lateMioceneMediterranean marine basins

Macronutrient composition of olive baboon (Papio anubis) milk: A comparison to rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) milk

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