Late‐onset wedge‐shaped thoracic vertebrae in a six‐month‐old pug

Rycke, Lieve M. De; Crijns, Casper; Chiers, Koen; Bree, H. van; Gielen, Ingrid

doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000317

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Binary logistic regression however indicated that higher age and occurrence of spinal kyphosis should both be considered independent and non-related risk factors for occurrence of IVDE in FBs. It can also not be excluded that some dogs would have developed more severe degrees of kyphosis later in life [ 29 , 30 ]. Control dogs underwent CT, while dogs with IVDE underwent MRI as the most appropriate diagnostic technique for their respective disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAlthough thoracic vertebral malformations with kyphosis and scoliosis are often considered incidental findings on diagnostic imaging studies of screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds, they have been suggested to interfere with spinal biomechanics and intervertebral disc degeneration. It is however unknown if an abnormal spinal curvature also predisposes dogs to develop clinically relevant intervertebral disc herniations. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the occurrence of thoracic vertebral malformations, kyphosis or scoliosis would be associated with a higher prevalence of cervical or thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs.ResultsFrench bulldogs that underwent computed tomography for reasons unrelated to spinal disease (n = 101), and French bulldogs with thoracolumbar (n = 47) or cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (n = 30) that underwent magnetic resonance imaging were included. There was a significant association between the presence of kyphosis and the occurrence of intervertebral disc extrusion, particularly in the thoracolumbar region. Dogs with kyphosis were at nearly a two times increased odds of being affected by intervertebral disc extrusion than those without kyphosis [(OR = 1.98 (95% CI: 1.04–3.78)]. There was also an association between the presence of scoliosis and the anatomical distribution of intervertebral disc extrusions, with dogs with scoliosis more likely to have more caudal lumbar intervertebral disc extrusions. Presence of scoliosis was not associated with an increased odds of being affected by intervertebral disc extrusion.ConclusionsAlthough thoracic vertebral malformations with kyphosis only rarely cause spinal cord dysfunction in itself, French bulldogs with kyphosis appear to be at higher risk to develop thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1316-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kyphosis and scoliosis can change as an animal matures, which can alter spinal biomechanics, as shown in a case report of a 6-month-old pug with kyphosis that was not present on radiographs at 2 months of age. 22 Almost three quarters (8 of 11, 72%) of the dorsal wedge vertebrae were found within 1-2 vertebral bodies from a ventral wedge malformation and it is theorised that they might have developed secondarily as a result of abnormal biomechanical pressures created from the kyphosis caused by an adjacent ventral wedge or other malformations (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence, morphology and clinical significance of vertebral body malformations in an Australian population of French Bulldogs and Pugs

Brown¹,

Podadera

Ward

et al. 2021

Aust Veterinary J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To describe the incidence, morphology and clinical significance of congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) in two breeds of brachycephalic dogs presenting to a referral veterinary hospital.Design Prospective cohort study series.Materials and methods Forty-nine French Bulldogs and Pugs were prospectively evaluated and placed in one of two groups based on whether or not they presented for neurological signs referable to spinal cord disease. A computed tomography (CT) of their entire spine was obtained and the presence and classification of CVM along with the degree of spinal kyphosis recorded for all dogs. Statistical analysis was performed to identify clinical associations between these factors (P < 0.05).Results CVM were prevalent across both breeds with the French Bulldog having more malformations than the Pug (Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance, P < 0.0001). Breed associated vertebral malformation subtypes included butterfly subtype in French Bulldogs (Chi-square, P = 0.0002), and transitional subtype in Pugs (odds ratio, 22.7; P = 0.000). A new subtype, dorsal wedge, was observed in 12 cases. The presence, number and subtype of vertebral malformation were not reliable for predicting the development of neurological signs across both breeds (Chisquare, P > 0.05). However, spinal kyphosis >35 calculated via Cobb angle was associated with Pugs that had neurological deficits (Chi-square, P = 0.028).Conclusions Congenital vertebral malformations largely appear to be incidental findings in this population of French Bulldogs but are of more significance in the Pug breed when spinal kyphosis is >35 . French Bulldogs that have spinal cord disease and CVM are more likely to have pathology distant to CVM with intervertebral disc herniation most common.

show abstract

“…[47][48][49] In process dysplasias, are difficult to document without CT. 3 Although a previous study, including pugs of similar age as in the present study, could not confirm an association between CVMs and neurological signs, it has been suggested that some CVMs in pugs are indeed clinically significant. 10,11,18 Vertebral malformations, congenital or potentially acquired, 53 may inflict direct spinal cord trauma by chronic micromotion as a consequence of vertebral canal stenosis or instability, or indirect trauma by negatively interfering with its vascular supply and thereby limiting its resistance to injury. 4,7,11,14,[54][55][56] Spinal cord dynamic compression occurs in pugs with SAD and repetitive spinal cord injury could be a potential cause of thoracolumbar SADs.…”

Section: Macroscopic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

Rohdin

Ljungvall

Häggström

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Thoracolumbar myelopathies associated with spinal cord and vertebral column lesions, with a similar clinical phenotype, but different underlying etiologies, occur in pugs. Objectives To further characterize the clinical and neuropathological characteristics of pugs with longstanding thoracolumbar myelopathy. Animals Thirty client‐owned pure‐bred pugs with a history of more than a month of ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs, suggesting a myelopathy localized to the thoracolumbar spinal cord, were included in the study. Methods Prospective clinicopathological study. Included pugs underwent a complete neurological examination and gross and histopathologic postmortem studies with focus on the spinal cord. Computed tomography (n = 18), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 17), and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (n = 27) were performed before or immediately after death. Results Twenty male and 10 female pugs had a median age at clinical onset of 84 months (interquartile range, 66‐96). Affected pugs presented with a progressive clinical course and 80% were incontinent. There was circumferential meningeal fibrosis with concomitant focal, malacic, destruction of the neuroparenchyma in the thoracolumbar spinal cord in 24/30 pugs. Vertebral lesions accompanied the focal spinal cord lesion, and there was lympho‐histiocytic inflammation associated or not to the parenchymal lesion in 43% of the pugs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Meningeal fibrosis with associated focal spinal cord destruction and neighboring vertebral column lesions were common findings in pugs with long‐standing thoracolumbar myelopathy.

show abstract

Late‐onset wedge‐shaped thoracic vertebrae in a six‐month‐old pug

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

The presence, morphology and clinical significance of vertebral body malformations in an Australian population of French Bulldogs and Pugs

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About