Late Pleistocene intraplate extension of the Central Anatolian Plateau, Turkey: Inferences from cosmogenic exposure dating of alluvial fan, landslide, and moraine surfaces along the Ecemiş Fault Zone

Yıldırım, Cengiz; Sarıkaya, Mehmet Akif; Çiner, Attila

doi:10.1002/2015tc004038

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…First, regional uplift could be generated by a change in crustal thickness of 6-13 km (i.e., 15-33% crustal thickening; Figures 2d and 2g). However, present-day GPS velocities, earthquake focal mechanisms, and the planform of mapped Neogene faults suggest that this mechanism is unlikely, particularly for Central Anatolia (Aktu g et al, 2009(Aktu g et al, , 2013Isik et al, 2014;Jackson & McKenzie, 1988;McKenzie, 1978;Nocquet, 2012;S¸eng€ or et al, 2008;Yıldırım et al, 2016). Note that if crustal thickening were to occur by magmatic underplating, even larger thicknesses would be required because of the greater density of underplated material.…”

Section: 1002/2017gc007251mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global positioning system (GPS) measurements of crustal displacements, earthquake focal mechanisms, and the distribution of active faults confirm that north‐south shortening continues in Eastern Anatolia (Figure c; Nocquet, ; Reilinger et al, ; Şengör et al, ). Since Miocene times, east‐west translation and extension have dominated in Central and Western Anatolia (e.g., Aktuğ et al, ; Isik et al, ; Jackson & McKenzie, ; McKenzie, ; Yıldırım et al, ). It has been proposed that this westward motion is a manifestation of material extrusion caused by a combination of Arabia‐Eurasia collision and roll back of the Hellenic trench (Le Pichon & Kreemer, ; Şengör et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neogene Uplift and Magmatism of Anatolia: Insights From Drainage Analysis and Basaltic Geochemistry

McNab

Ball

Hoggard

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

102

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It is agreed that mantle dynamics have played a role in generating and maintaining the elevated topography of Anatolia during Neogene times. However, there is debate about the relative importance of subduction zone and asthenospheric processes. Key issues concern onset and cause of regional uplift, thickness of the lithospheric plate, and the presence/absence of temperature and/or compositional anomalies within the convecting mantle. Here, we tackle these interlinked issues by analyzing and modeling two disparate suites of observations. First, a drainage inventory of 1,844 longitudinal river profiles is assembled. This database is inverted to calculate the variation of Neogene regional uplift through time and space by minimizing the misfit between observed and calculated river profiles subject to independent calibration. Our results suggest that regional uplift commenced at 20 Ma in the east and propagated westward. Second, we have assembled a database of geochemical analyses of basaltic rocks. Two different approaches have been used to quantitatively model this database with a view to determining the depth and degree of asthenospheric melting across Anatolia. Our results suggest that melting occurs at depths as shallow as 60 km in the presence of mantle potential temperatures as high as 1400°C. There is evidence that temperatures are higher in the east, consistent with the pattern of subplate shear wave velocity anomalies. Our combined results are consistent with isostatic and admittance analyses and suggest that elevated asthenospheric temperatures beneath thinned Anatolian lithosphere have played a first‐order role in generating and maintaining regional dynamic topography and basaltic magmatism.

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Section: 1002/2017gc007251mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neogene Uplift and Magmatism of Anatolia: Insights From Drainage Analysis and Basaltic Geochemistry

McNab

Ball

Hoggard

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

102

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“…We find it therefore not likely that the Miocene extensional exhumation was related to a reversal of Ecemiş Fault motion. It was recently shown that Quaternary faulting along the Ecemiş Fault accommodated E‐W extensional motion [ Higgins et al , ; Sarıkaya et al , ; Yıldırım et al , ], making the fault dominantly a normal fault in recent time. E‐W extensional faulting has also been documented in Miocene time in the eastern Tuzgölü basin [ Fernández‐Blanco et al , ; Özsayin et al , ], as well as in the basins along the eastern margin of the Western Taurides [ Koç et al , , ].…”

Section: Tectonic Interpretation Of the Ulukışla Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics of a former oceanic plate of the Neotethys revealed by deformation in the Ulukışla basin (Turkey)

et al. 2016

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Kinematic reconstruction of modern ocean basins shows that since Pangea breakup a vast area in the Neotethyan realm was lost to subduction. Here we develop a first‐order methodology to reconstruct the kinematic history of the lost plates of the Neotethys, using records of subducted plates accreted to (former) overriding plates, combined with the kinematic analysis of overriding plate extension and shortening. In Cretaceous‐Paleogene times, most of Anatolia formed a separate tectonic plate—here termed “Anadolu Plate”—that floored part of the Neotethyan oceanic realm, separated from Eurasia and Africa by subduction zones. We study the sedimentary and structural history of the Ulukışla basin (Turkey); overlying relics of this plate to reconstruct the tectonic history of the oceanic plate and its surrounding trenches, relative to Africa and Eurasia. Our results show that Upper Cretaceous‐Oligocene sediments were deposited on the newly dated suprasubduction zone ophiolites (~92 Ma), which are underlain by mélanges, metamorphosed and nonmetamorphosed oceanic and continental rocks derived from the African Plate. The Ulukışla basin underwent latest Cretaceous‐Paleocene N‐S and E‐W extension until ~56 Ma. Following a short period of tectonic quiescence, Eo‐Oligocene N‐S contraction formed the folded structure of the Bolkar Mountains, as well as subordinate contractional structures within the basin. We conceptually explain the transition from extension, to quiescence, to shortening as slowdown of the Anadolu Plate relative to the northward advancing Africa‐Anadolu trench resulting from collision of continental rocks accreted to Anadolu with Eurasia, until the gradual demise of the Anadolu‐Eurasia subduction zone.

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“…Today, the Tuz Gölü Fault Zone in the west, the Central Anatolian Fault Zone, and Ecemiş Fault Zone in the east and other various strike-slip faults (e.g., Salanda Fault Zone, Avanos Fault Zone) to the north are defined as active faults surrounding the region (Fig. 2a) (e.g., Toprak and Göncüoğlu 1993;Dirik and Göncüoğlu 1996;Toprak 1996;Tatar et al 2000;Koçyiğit and Erol 2001;Dirik 2001;Piper et al 2002Piper et al , 2013Koçyiğit 2003;Genç and Yürür 2010;Kürçer and Gökten 2014;Emre et al 2013;Özsayın et al 2013;Yıldırım 2014;Yıldırım et al 2016;Sarıkaya et al 2015b;Koçyiğit and Doğan 2016;Kuzucuoğlu et al 2019b).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironments of the Cappadocia region during the Neogene and Quaternary, central Turkey

Gürbüz

Saraç

Yavuz³

2019

Med. Geosc. Rev.

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The Cappadocia region located in the centre of Anatolia is mainly known because of its Neogene and Quaternary volcanism and related geomorphology showing spectacular erosional landscapes. However, in contrast to its relatively well-studied volcanic and geomorphic history, studies on its sedimentary deposits together with its environmental and climatic history are still few. In this study, we outline the paleoenvironments of the Cappadocia region through sedimentological and paleontological data. We interpreted five Neogene and Quaternary depositional environments based on 29 lithofacies described in this study, and mammal and pollen fossil contents described by previous studies in the study area. Three terrestrial packages in these periods mainly represented by fluvial and lacustrine environments were elaborated through facies descriptions. Lithofacies variations in each of these successions indicate deposition in highly dynamic environments. The middle Miocene succession is mostly represented by braided river deposits expressing deposition in a relatively high energetic environment, whereas the late Miocene-Pliocene units similarly indicate a braided river system, but was dominated by lacustrine and floodplain facies intercalated with large amount of volcanic products. Quaternary sediments in the region deposited in similar environments mainly filling the large sedimentary basins bounded by active faults and around the recent riverbeds. As pointed out by palynological data, the northern part of the Cappadocia region was dominated by arboreal taxa during the middle Miocene relative to following periods, and there is a general trend of increase in steppic herbs since the early late Miocene consistent with paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic data collected from the entire Eastern Mediterranean region. Mammal fossil content of the sedimentary and volcanoclastic units in the study area, which are correlative with stratigraphic levels where palynological studies were carried out, also indicates an herb-dominated relatively arid ecosystem since the late Miocene. Faunal data in this time coincide with a dramatic diversification in Anatolia caused by regional tectonics driven by continental collision between the Eurasian and Arabian plates in the east. While the neotectonics and climatic conditions shaped the current landscape of Anatolia mainly during the early-middle Pleistocene, insufficient mammal and pollen data from this time interval still make the early Quaternary evolution of the Cappadocia region a debate. On the other hand, detailed and robustly dated palynological data from the late Pleistocene-Holocene of the region establish a gradual increase of arboreal taxa during the early Holocene, while it is characterized by an increase in steppic herbs in the late Holocene. In addition, as a result of its very rich cultural history, anthropogenic factors should have influenced this environmental change during this period, as evidenced in several locations throughout Anatolia.

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Late Pleistocene intraplate extension of the Central Anatolian Plateau, Turkey: Inferences from cosmogenic exposure dating of alluvial fan, landslide, and moraine surfaces along the Ecemiş Fault Zone

Cited by 42 publications

References 95 publications

Neogene Uplift and Magmatism of Anatolia: Insights From Drainage Analysis and Basaltic Geochemistry

Neogene Uplift and Magmatism of Anatolia: Insights From Drainage Analysis and Basaltic Geochemistry

Kinematics of a former oceanic plate of the Neotethys revealed by deformation in the Ulukışla basin (Turkey)

Paleoenvironments of the Cappadocia region during the Neogene and Quaternary, central Turkey

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