Late Quaternary Geomorphic Evolution of the Coastal Zone of Kachchh, Western India

Maurya, D. M.; Thakkar, M. G.; Patidar, Atul Kumar; Bhandari, Subhash; Goyal, Bhanu; Chamyal, L. S.

doi:10.2112/05-0500.1

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The various morphotectonic divisions of the coast are attributed to the role played by the inherent structural fabric, the subsurface Median high and general uplift of the coast due to tectonic activity along the E-W trending faults to the north of the study area during the early Holocene and the last 2 ka. The semi-arcuate shape of the coastline in this part mimics the dip pattern of the Tertiary rocks [15].…”

Section: Plate 3 Mandvi To Mundra Segment (A) Raised Beach (B) DImentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Present study [15] provides enough evidence that the entire Kachchh coast is tectonically uplifted since last 2000 years. The upheaval is still continuous.…”

Section: Mandvi To Mundra (Spits and Cuspate Foreland Complex) Segmentmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Present day major tidal creeks like Kotadi creek (two channels) and Bharadi mata creek are reaching out from the sea up to this palaeo-delta forming recent extended estuaries on this mixed wave cum tide dominated coast. The delta formation on the segment is comparable with early phase of late Holocene upheaval [15] and resulting rejuvenation of the fluvial system. The delta sediment is superimposed by tidal flat sediments deposited later during uplift in last 2000 years.…”

Section: Mandvi To Mundra (Spits and Cuspate Foreland Complex) Segmentmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The sea level was higher than present during 6-2 ka [15]. Emergent coastal features consisting of raised beaches, raised mudflats, abandoned coastal cliffs, uplifted estuarine tidal to fluvial terraces, and stabilized coastal dunes developed because of uplift during the last 2 ka.…”

Section: Plate 3 Mandvi To Mundra Segment (A) Raised Beach (B) DImentioning

confidence: 90%

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Geomorphology of Mandvi to Mundra Coast, Kachchh, Western India

Majethiya¹,

Bhatt²,

Solanki³

2016

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Abstract. Landforms of coast between Mandvi and Mundra in Kachchh and their origin are described here. Various micro-geomorphic features such as delta, beaches (ridge & runnel), coastal dunes, tidal flat, tidal creek, mangrove, backwater, river estuary, bar, spit, saltpan etc. are explained. The delta sediment of Phot River is superimposed by tidal flat sediments deposited later during uplift in last 2000 years. Raise-beach, raise-tidal flat, firm sub-tidal mud pockets on beach, delta and parabolic dune remnants and palaeo-fore dune (Mundra dune) -all these features projects 3 to 4 m high palaeo-sea level than the present day. All these features are superimposed by present day active beach, dune, tidal flat, creek, spit, bar, lagoon, estuary and mangroves. All these are depositional features.Keywords: Coastal Geomorphology, mandvi, mundra, kachchh, landforms. IntroductionThe micro-geomorphic features, their distribution and origin in Mandvi to Mundra segment of Kachchh are described here. Tides, waves and currents are common coastal processes responsible for erosion, transportation and deposition of the sediments and produce erosional and depositional landform features in the study area. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Most places in the ocean usually experience two high tides and two low tides each day (semi-diurnal tide), but some locations experience only one high and one low tide each day (diurnal tide). The times and amplitude of the tides at a locale are influenced by the alignment of the Sun and Moon, by the pattern of tides in the deep ocean and by the shape of the coastline and near-shore bathymetry. The study area is affected by semi-diurnal tidal cycles. Almost half of the study area is tide dominated. While tides are usually the largest source of short-term sea-level fluctuations, sea levels are also subject to forces such as wind and barometric pressure changes, resulting in storm surges, especially in shallow seas and near coasts.Wind waves or, more precisely, wind-generated waves are surface waves that occur on the free surface of seas and oceans. They usually result from the wind blowing over a vast enough stretch of fluid surface. Wind waves range in size from small ripples to huge waves over 30 meters high. Wind waves in the ocean are called ocean surface waves. As waves travel from deep to shallow water, their shape alters (wave height increases, speed decreases, and length decreases as wave orbits become asymmetrical). This process is called shoaling. The great majority of large breakers one observes on a beach result from distant winds. Five factors influence the formation of wind waves which work together to determine their size: 1. Wind speed, 2. Distance of open water that the wind has blown over (called the fetch), 3. Width of area affected by fetches, 4. Time duration the wind has blown over a given area, 5. Water depth.Some waves undergo a phenomenon calle...

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Section: Plate 3 Mandvi To Mundra Segment (A) Raised Beach (B) DImentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Present study [15] provides enough evidence that the entire Kachchh coast is tectonically uplifted since last 2000 years. The upheaval is still continuous.…”

Section: Mandvi To Mundra (Spits and Cuspate Foreland Complex) Segmentmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Mandvi To Mundra (Spits and Cuspate Foreland Complex) Segmentmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Plate 3 Mandvi To Mundra Segment (A) Raised Beach (B) DImentioning

confidence: 90%

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Geomorphology of Mandvi to Mundra Coast, Kachchh, Western India

Majethiya¹,

Bhatt²,

Solanki³

2016

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“…The coastal geomorphology of Kuchchh region indicates that inland portions of the coastline have features which amplify the effect of tsunami waves when they get coupled with high tide, thus becoming fatal 20,21 . Morpho-dynamic and tsunami simulation studies 22 have concluded that tsunami wave height along the Gujarat coast ranges from 2 to 10 m. Evidences of palaeostorms/ paleotsunami at 8000-7000 years BP are known from the region 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Indians (Harappan Settlement) were Aware of Tsunami/Storm Protection Measures:A New Interpretation of Thick Walls at Dholavira, Gujarat, India

Nigam¹,

Dubey²,

Saraswat³

et al. 2016

Current Science

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Dholavira is a Harappan city in Gujarat, India whose fortification, with maximum wall thickness of up to 18 m is extraordinary. The probable cause of such a massive protective wall is yet to be addressed. Based on (i) the location of Dholavira along tsunami/stormprone coast; (ii) climatic scenario during the midHolocene with special reference to higher sea level and (iii) lack of proto-historic military evidences, we hypothesize that the walls may have acted as defence against tsunami/sea storm. The presence of extremely thick protective walls thus implies that the Dholavirans were probably aware of the magnitude of destruction caused by tsunami waves/storms.

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